AP 42 Section 11.1 Hot Mix Asphalt Reports - Related Information

Source material that was used in the March 2004 revision of the AP 42 section and the series of reports that culminated in the December 2000 publication of a comprehensive assessment of air emissions from hot mix asphalt plants are available here. The March 2004 revision changed only the hot oil heater emissions factors for formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

March 2004 Revision
Proposed revision of AP 42 section 11.1 for Hot mix Asphalt Plants dated December 2, 2003 (PDF) (1 pg, 240 K)
This file contains information documenting the process of revising the March 2004 revision of the section. The document proposing the revision, the web page announcing the proposed revision, the e-mail transmitting the final revision documents and a memo to the files documenting EPA's involvement and the overall process and contained in the file.

Background information for development of final section (zip) (ZIP 10M)
The contents of this ZIP file include a file documenting the current revision of the section and files that were used in the evaluation and generation of the background and section files for AP 42 Section 11.1, Hot Mix Asphalt Plants. The file types represent spreadsheet files (Lotus, Quattro and Excel) used to evaluate source test quality, graphic files (tiff, jpg, pcx, wmf etc.) incorporated into word processing documents and the word processing files (WordPerfect) used to generate the Adobe Acrobat version of the section and background report. Detailed descriptions of the contents of the ZIP file along with the use of the files and the software format of the files is available in the file "contents" within the zip file and is available in three formats. The files also include all of the background and section files for Section 11.1. Some of the files were used to generate the background document and the Section. Other files were used to perform other analysis that are not reflected in the Adobe Acrobat version of the background report. Descriptions of the contents of the ZIP file along with the use of the files and the software format of the files is contained in this file.

Final EPA Emissions Assessment Report

The final Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Emission Assessment Report (EA Report) which was published in December 2000 is available through this web page. This report presents an assessment of emissions from hot mix asphalt (HMA) manufacturing facilities. Included in the report is a description of the manufacturing process and the emissions associated with HMA production; the procedures for developing emissions factors and emission inventories for the HMA industry; and estimated annual emissions for typical HMA facilities.

This report was proposed as part of a project to evaluate air emissions from HMA plants. This project included the analysis of over 300 emissions tests collected from State and local air pollution control agency files to improve the AP 42 emissions factors. In addition, this study included four EPA funded emissions tests to characterize kiln stack emissions or fugitive emissions from silo filling or transport truck loading. A number of stakeholders provided input to this study including national and State legislators, State and local health agencies, State and local air pollution control agencies, citizen groups and industry associations. These stakeholders suggested new emission estimation methodologies, provided input on the selection of facilities for emissions testing, commented on the draft test reports and provided suggestions for analysis of the data to develop emissions factors.

The EA Report and the AP 42 section development were reviewed by stakeholders. Comments on the EA Report body, Appendix A and Appendix B were considered in preparing the final EA Report, the AP 42 section and background report. Since the publication of the EA Report, higher quality source test data was collected for formaldehyde emissions from hot oil heaters. As a result, Appendix A (AP 42 Section 11.1) and Appendix B (the Emissions Factor Documentation for the AP 42 Section) have been revised to incorporate the updated formaldehyde emissions factors. Comments on the December 2000 documents and EPA responses are included as separate chapters in the Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Stakeholders Opinions Report. No comments are available for the March 2004 revision since none were received in response to the proposed revision.

Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Emission Assessment Report (EPA 454/R-00-019) (PDF). Final report dated December 2000.
It should be noted that because of the March 2004 revision, the emissions for formaldehyde presented in the main body of this report are not supported by the better hot oil heater emissions factors that are currently available.

Response to Comments on Testing Program for Asphalt Plants C and D Report and Stakeholders Opinions Report

The "Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Response to Comments on Testing Program for Asphalt Plants C and D Report" and the "Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Stakeholders Opinions Report" are also available through this web page. These reports provide documentation of EPA solicited stakeholder comments on the content of the Emissions Assessment Report. Although the first report documents the review of two emission test reports, many stakeholder comments concerned the types of analyses used to develop emissions estimation methods. The second report includes stakeholder comments on the draft Emissions Assessment Report, EPA responses to the stakeholder comments, stakeholder opinions on the final Emissions Assessment Report and EPA responses to stakeholder opinions.

Test Report, Formaldehyde Emissions Testing from Asphalt Heaters (PDF) (415 pp, 10 MB); Prepared for: National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, MD. MACTEC Federal Programs, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. Dated October 2003. Includes Quality Assurance Project Plan and Site Specific Test plan dated March 19,2003.
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants Response to Comments on Testing Program for Asphalt Plants C and D. Final EPA Report EPA 454/R-00-029 dated May 2000. (PDF) (100 pp, 465 K)
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Stakeholders Opinions Report (EPA 454/R-00-030).
Final Report dated April 2001. (PDF) (288 pp, 4 MB)

Supporting Final EPA Reports

The following recently published EPA Reports are referenced in the final Emissions Assessment Report. As with the final EA Report, these reports are a culmination of a process to design, perform and evaluate air emissions tests. The groups included input from citizens, State and local health agencies, State and local air pollution control agencies, and industry associations on the selection of facilities for emissions testing, contents of the draft test reports and analysis of the data to develop emissions factors.

These EPA reports present the results of four emission tests which characterize the air emissions from kiln stack emissions and two processes at HMA plants that were not previously characterized. The test reports for Plant A and Plant B targeted kiln emissions of dioxin/furans as measured by EPA Method 23, particulate and metals as measured by EPA Method 29, volatile organic and inorganic HAP's measured by EPA Method 320 and total hydrocarbons measured by EPA Method 25A. HMA is produced at both Plant A and B by the drum mix method. The test report of Plant C is an emission test of the truck load-out operation and the silo filling operation. A variety of EPA test methods were used. HMA is produced at Plant C by the drum mix method and temporarily stores HMA in silos prior to truck load-out. Eight separate sampling and analysis methods were used to measure the potential range of criteria and hazardous air pollutants that would be expected from these processes. As a result, emissions of a number of hazardous air pollutants and criteria air pollutants were quantified during this emission test. The test report of Plant D is focused on only on particulate as measured by EPA Method 315 and volatile organic emissions as measured by EPA Method 25A. HMA is produced at Plant D by the batch mix method and loads HMA directly into trucks from the mixer.

AP 42 Emissions Factors by Chapter

AP 42 Section 11.1 Hot Mix Asphalt Reports - Related Information

Air Emissions Factors and Quantification