Risk Management for C.I. Pigment Violet 29

Below is information on potential EPA actions to manage the unreasonable risk found to be presented by C.I. Pigment Violet 29 (PV29). PV29 is currently manufactured, processed, distributed, used, and disposed of as part of industrial, commercial, and consumer conditions of use. Applications for this chemical include use as an intermediate to create or adjust color of other perylene pigments, incorporation into paints and coatings in the automobile industry, incorporation into plastic and rubber products in automobiles and industrial carpeting, use in merchant ink for commercial printing, and use in consumer watercolors and acrylic artist paint.

On this page:

• Managing risks from PV29
• Opportunities for public and stakeholder engagement

On other pages:

• Learn how EPA manages unreasonable risks from chemicals currently on the market.
• View a list of all chemicals undergoing risk evaluation, including docket numbers and agency points of contact.

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Managing Risks from PV29

In August 2022, EPA released a final revised risk determination for PV29. The revised risk determination is based on PV29 as a whole chemical substance and did not assume that all workers exposed to PV29 always or appropriately wear personal protective equipment. In the final revised risk determination, EPA determined that PV29 presents an unreasonable risk of injury to human health when evaluated under its conditions of use. 

Overall, 10 conditions of use of the 14 evaluated drive the PV29 whole chemical unreasonable risk determination due to risks identified for human health. These conditions of use continue to drive the unreasonable risk determination for PV29. These conditions of use include:  

These conditions of use include:  

• Domestic manufacturing and import;  

• Processing:  

• Incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction products in paints and coatings, and in plastic and rubber products;  

• Processing: use as an intermediate in the creation or adjustment of color of other perylene pigments;  

• Recycling;  

• Industrial and commercial uses in paints for automobiles (e.g., original equipment manufacturing and refinishing), in coatings and basecoats, and in merchant ink for commercial printing; and  

• Disposal.  

The conditions of use that do not drive EPA’s unreasonable risk determination for PV29 include:  

• Distribution in commerce;  

• Industrial and commercial uses in finished plastic and rubber products for automobile plastics and industrial carpeting; and  

• Consumer use in professional quality watercolor and acrylic artist paint. 

The next step in the process is for EPA to propose a risk management regulation to address the unreasonable risk PV29 presents to human health.  

There are several actions EPA could take to address these risks, including regulations to prohibit or limit the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, commercial use, or disposal of this chemical substance, as applicable. EPA is now in the process of developing ways to address the unreasonable risks identified. 

• Learn more about the unreasonable risks found in the final risk evaluation.
• Find information on ways to reduce exposure to this chemical as EPA works through the process required by TSCA to eliminate unreasonable risks from this chemical.

Opportunities for Public and Stakeholder Engagement

There will be additional opportunities for public and stakeholder engagement as EPA works through the risk management process for this chemical. Just like the risk evaluation process, there will also be opportunities for public comment as EPA works to propose and finalize risk management action for PV29. 

Consistent with the statutory requirements of TSCA section 6(a), EPA will propose risk management regulatory action to the extent necessary so that PV29 no longer presents an unreasonable risk. EPA expects to focus its risk management action on the conditions of use that drive the unreasonable risk.  

However, it should be noted that, under TSCA section 6(a), EPA is not limited to regulating the specific activities found to drive unreasonable risk and may select from among a suite of risk management requirements in section 6(a) related to manufacture (including import), processing, distribution in commerce, commercial use, and disposal as part of its regulatory options to address the unreasonable risk.  

As a general example, EPA may regulate upstream activities (e.g., processing, distribution in commerce) to address downstream activities (e.g., consumer uses) driving unreasonable risk, even if the upstream activities do not drive the unreasonable risk. 

• View a list of all public and stakeholder engagement opportunities related to risk management.
• You can reach out to the EPA point of contact for this chemical, listed at the top, right of this page, for more information or to schedule a one-on-one meeting.
• You can also stay informed by signing for our email alerts or checking the public docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2021-0277 at www.regulations.gov.