21st Annual EPA Drinking Water Workshop: Summaries and Biographies

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Session 1: Opening Plenary

Moderator

Gregory Sayles, Director of the Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, EPA Office of Research and Development. Greg is the director of EPA's Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), one of four research centers in the Agency’s Office of Research and Development. CESER research helps develop solutions to challenges around the built environment, including water infrastructure. He has conducted and led research programs for EPA for over 30 years. Greg holds a Ph.D., an M.S., and a B.S. in chemical engineering.

Welcome and Opening Remarks from EPA Senior Officials

  • Janet McCabe, EPA Deputy Administrator. Janet is the deputy administrator for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). She returns to EPA after spending seven years working as acting assistant administrator and principal deputy to the assistant administrator in the Agency’s Office of Air and Radiation under President Barack Obama. Prior to rejoining EPA, DA McCabe was a professor of practice at the Indiana University McKinney School of Law and director of the IU Environmental Resilience Institute, where she started as assistant director for policy and implementation in 2017. Her work at Indiana University centered on establishing innovative, research-informed, and actionable solutions to reduce environmental risks and help protect the health of communities and families. Over the course of her career, DA McCabe has spent time working for state environmental agencies in Massachusetts and her long-time adopted home state of Indiana, with a focus on implementation of the Clean Air Act and other air quality issues. Prior to joining EPA in November 2009, she was the executive director of Improving Kids’ Environment, Inc., a children’s environmental health advocacy organization based in Indianapolis. She knows firsthand through these experiences that programs to improve public health and protect our environment are strongest when they are informed by a diversity of perspectives, and rooted in science, transparency, and the law. In the 1980s, DA McCabe graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School, and she clerked for Justice Neil L. Lynch of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.
  • Chris Frey, EPA Assistant Administrator for Office of Research and Development. Chris is the assistant administrator for research and development and the EPA science advisor. Before his confirmation, he served ORD as the deputy assistant administrator for science policy. Prior to joining EPA, AA Frey was the Glenn E. and Phyllis J. Futrell Distinguished University Professor at North Carolina State University, where he served on the faculty since 1994. His research includes measurement and modeling of human exposure to air pollution, measurement and modeling of vehicle emissions, and applications of probabilistic and sensitivity analysis methods to emissions estimation, risk assessment, and technology assessment. AA Frey has served EPA in a number of advisory roles, including as a member of the EPA FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel, a member of the EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, chair of the CASAC, and a member of the EPA Science Advisory Board. He was also the president of the Society for Risk Analysis in 2006. AA Frey holds a Ph.D. in engineering and public policy from Carnegie Mellon, an M.E. in mechanical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University, and a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia.
  • Bruno Pigott, EPA Acting Assistant Administrator for Water. Bruno serves as acting assistant administrator for water at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Office of Water works to ensure that drinking water is safe, wastewater is safely returned to the environment, and surface waters are properly managed and protected. Acting Assistant Administrator Pigott is a career public servant, having worked at the cross-section of public service and water policy for more than 30 years—including on Capitol Hill, at a Foundation, as a city councilmember, and as Commissioner of the Department of Environment for the State of Indiana. He believes that government can work to benefit people, and has a track record of working with environmental, industry, municipal, and agricultural organizations nationally, as well as in Indiana, to protect and enhance the environment. Acting AA Pigott holds a bachelor’s degree in political theory and economics from James Madison College at Michigan State University and a master's degree in public and environmental affairs from Indiana University’s School of Public and Environmental Affairs.

Agenda Review, Logistics, and Networking Event

  • Laura Boczek, EPA Office of Research and Development. Laura is a research microbiologist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response. She has been with the Agency for 25 years and has worked on various microorganisms in water and wastewater. Laura holds an M.S. in biological science from the University of Cincinnati and a B.S. in biological science from Northern Kentucky University.
  • Michelle Latham, EPA Office of Research and Development. Michelle is the director of the Water Technical Support Center in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, where she has worked since 2023 to provide a mechanism for a more coordinated and effective ORD technical support response to regional requests. Prior to her current position, her work at EPA focused on communications, outreach, and engagement in various lead roles for ORD’s national research programs and a previous water research division. She is the co-chair of the annual EPA drinking water workshop and monthly webinar series focused on small systems and is a member of EPA’s Response Support Corps. Michelle holds an M.Ed., a B.S. in biology, and a B.L.A. from Xavier University; an A.A.S. from Shoreline College; and a C.G. in advanced medical laboratory technology from the Naval School of Health Sciences.

Session 2: PFAS and Lead Regulations

Moderator

Michael Finn, EPA Office of Water. Mike is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water, Targeted Community and Compliance Assistance Branch. He is currently working with states and public water systems on the implementation of the Surface Water Treatment Rules, the Disinfection Byproducts Rules, the Groundwater Rule, and the Lead and Copper Rule, as well as microbial and other contaminant treatment issues, alternative treatment technologies, and potable water reuse. Mike has 30 years of experience in public water supplies and drinking water treatment and serves as a national subject matter expert in the areas of disinfection and microbial treatment of drinking water. He is a licensed professional engineer in California and Maryland and a certified water treatment operator.

1. PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: Initial Monitoring Requirements and EPA-State Implementation Workgroup

As the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation was being finalized in April of 2024, OGWDW initiated an EPA-State Implementation Workgroup to collaborate on the development of implementation products. The workgroup consists of 11 states and territories, all 10 EPA regions and ASDWA. The charge for the workgroup is to identify and prioritize needed PFAS implementation products, including training, and provide input and review of these products. Early focus for the workgroup has been on products to support the development of primacy revision application packages and extension agreements, and requirements for initial monitoring. The presentation will close by discussing the initial monitoring products highlighting the PFAS rule requirements, and flexibility to help ensure successful completion of this requirement by the start of compliance monitoring in April of 2027.

Presenter

James Hogan, EPA Office of Water. James has over 20 years of experience working on a variety of hydrology and water quality environmental issues from both the academic and public sectors. Presently he works with the Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water at EPA focused on improving EPA oversight of state primacy agencies and working with regional staff to ensure effective implementation of the National Primacy Drinking Water Regulations, with a present focus on the PFAS Regulation. James has a Ph.D. in earth sciences from Dartmouth College.

2. PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation Implementation in Kentucky

This presentation will cover the PFAS rule implementation process in Kentucky. Current efforts to provide assistance to water systems with sampling, meeting initial monitoring requirements, and identifying other needs will be discussed. Further discussion will include the powdered activated carbon jar testing project that is underway and strategies to help systems identify the best treatment option.

Presenter

Jackie Logsdon, Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet. Jackie is an environmental scientist consultant with twenty-four years of experience working for the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet. She began her career as a drinking water inspector and spent most of her tenure providing drinking water technical assistance to public water systems, while also serving as the Kentucky Area Wide Optimization Program coordinator. She now serves as technical advisor to the KY EEC Drinking Water Branch Manager and coordinator for implementation of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. Jackie holds a B.S. in biology from the University of Kentucky.

3. EPA Lead Reduction in Drinking Water Updates: Focus on the Lead and Copper Rule

This presentation will include an overview of EPA’s multipronged approach to reducing lead in drinking water according to the 2021 Biden-Harris Lead Pipe and Paint Action Plan, including regulations and other programs we have. With the upcoming October 16, 2024 compliance date for portions of the 2021 Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR), this presentation will then focus on the latest guidance and tools available to assist systems and states to meet these requirements. Lastly, this presentation will provide next steps and any updates.

Presenter

Kira Smith, EPA Office of Water. Kira is an environmental engineer in EPA’s Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. She leads teams that implement the Federal Lead and Copper Rule, as well as activities associated with the EPA Lead Strategy to reduce lead exposure to lead from drinking water. She also acts as an advisor and subject matter expert for all things lead in the Capacity and Compliance Assistance Division. She has 25 years of experience in the drinking water industry and previously worked for EPA on the 2007 lead & copper rule short-term revisions. In addition to EPA, she has worked for very small to very large utilities, and as an engineering consultant for various projects in and around Tampa, Florida. Kira is a registered professional engineer in Texas and Virginia. She received her master’s degree in environmental engineering from University of California, Berkeley and her bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from Union College in Upstate New York.

Session 3: Community Engagement and Risk Communications for PFAS and Lead

Moderator

Michelle Latham, EPA Office of Research and Development. Michelle is the director of the Water Technical Support Center in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, where she has worked since 2023 to provide a mechanism for a more coordinated and effective ORD technical support response to regional requests. Prior to her current position, her work at EPA focused on communications, outreach, and engagement in various lead roles for ORD’s national research programs and a previous water research division. She is the co-chair of the annual EPA drinking water workshop and monthly webinar series focused on small systems and is a member of EPA’s Response Support Corps. Michelle holds an M.Ed., a B.S. in biology, and a B.L.A. from Xavier University; an A.A.S. from Shoreline College; and a C.G. in advanced medical laboratory technology from the Naval School of Health Sciences.

1. Communicating Risks and Engaging Communities on PFAS and Lead

This presentation will discuss how the Minnesota Department of Health has worked with public water systems, communities, and staff to support risk communication about PFAS and lead in drinking water. Approaches and strategies used for public meeting planning, staff training, messaging, and education and outreach will be covered. The presentation will also touch on the resources developed to increase awareness and understanding among consumers on the contaminants, their levels in drinking water, and their health risks.

Presenter

Alycia Overbo, Minnesota Department of Health. Alycia (ah-lee-see-uh) is the supervisor of the Communications and Strategic Initiatives Unit at the Minnesota Department of Health. In this role, she oversees planning, evaluation, and coordination of communications and emerging strategic initiatives for the Drinking Water Protection program. Alycia holds a PhD in Water Resources Science from University of Minnesota, a M.S. in public health from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a B.A. in biology from St. Olaf College, and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Mozambique.

2. Ohio's Lead Strategy and Local Engagement Toolkit

Ohio has been working to put together a cohesive strategy and local engagement toolkit to help the state succeed with an issue that requires successful communication and partnership between the public and water systems: lead service line replacement. This presentation will cover a summary of what we learned and how it could be applied for water systems. In addition, we will display some of the items from our toolkit that were designed to assist small public water systems with communication of lead service line replacement activities.

Presenter

Justin Burke, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Justin has been an assistant chief in the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency’s (Ohio EPA) Division of Drinking and Groundwaters since 2021, working with the Compliance, Enforcement, Source Water Protection, and Rule Making teams. He has worked in both the drinking water and environmental restoration programs over his 20+ year career at Ohio EPA. He grew up at several Marine Corps bases as a “military brat” in the 80s and 90s, including several years at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, which is the site of one of the most significant drinking water contaminant exposures in the United States. Justin holds a B.S. in environmental science from the University of Cincinnati.

3. Communicating About Lead: Michigan's 1/5th Sampling, Lead/Galvanized Service Lines, and Public Advisories

Changes to the lead and copper provisions of the Michigan’s Safe Drinking Water Act have improved knowledge about the risk of lead in Michigan’s drinking water. Focusing compliance sampling on lead service lines, including a 5th liter sample, and inventorying all service line materials have increased overall transparency and collaboration in communicating with water systems and their customers about lead in drinking water.

Presenter

Jennifer Bolt, Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. Jeni is an environmental quality specialist with Michigan’s Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE), where she works with community water systems to understand and comply with the complexities of the Lead and Copper Rule provisions of the Michigan Safe Drinking Water Act. Jeni has a B.S. in biology from Calvin University and been with EGLE for almost 19 years. She has worked in many water-related programs including stormwater, wetlands, inland lakes and streams, and drinking water.

4. Using Research to Understand Your Audience Perceptions and Needs During a Water Emergency

This presentation will walk through EPA’s SALT framework for risk communication through the context of a water filtration education case study in Toledo, Ohio.

Presenter

Lahne Mattas-Curry, EPA Office of Research and Development. Lahne is currently the communication director for EPA’s Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in the Office of Research and Development. She has more than 25 years of experience as a communication practitioner in government, including the military, and corporate and non-profit organizations. Lahne holds an M.S. in marketing from Johns Hopkins University and she is completing her Ph.D. in communication at the University of Maryland where her emphasis is in risk communication.

Session 4: Regional Networking

Region 1 Facilitators

  • Kelsey Sullivan, EPA R1-Water Division
  • Xuyen Mai, EPA R1-Water Division. Xuyen joined EPA Region 1, Drinking Water Quality and Protection Section in February of 2024. She assists Region 1 by providing her technical expertise in drinking water treatment in various Safe Drinking Water Act implementation programs. Xuyen holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in civil and environmental engineering from UMass Amherst. Her Ph.D. research focused on removal of iron and manganese with biological filtration. 

Region 2 Facilitator

  • Brian Hulme, EPA R2-Laboratory Services and Applied Sciences Division

Region 3 Facilitators

  • Dennis O'Connor, EPA R3-Water Division
  • Ruby Stanmyer, EPA R3-Water Division

Region 4 Facilitator

  • Helen Keevy, EPA R4-Water Division

Region 5 Facilitator

  • Justin Hussey, EPA R5-Water Division

Region 6 Facilitator

  • Margaret Kinney,  EPA R6-Water Division. Maggie has been with the EPA R6 Drinking Water section for a little over 3.5 years. She is the rule manager for the region’s Consumer Confidence Report Rule, Arsenic Rule, and Water System Restructuring Assessment Rule; and also serves as the R6 Source Water Protection Coordinator, PWSS Program Manager for New Mexico, and is the primary point of contact for multiple tribal water systems within the R6 Direct Implementation Program. Additionally, Maggie is a member of R6’s Emergency Response Support Corps and have had recent deployments to Lahaina, HI and Ruidoso, NM to assist with impacted public water systems in the wake of wildfires.

Regions 7 and 8 Facilitator

  • Troy D. Hill, EPA R8-Laboratory Services and Applied Sciences Division. Troy is based in EPA Region 8's Laboratory Services and Applied Sciences Division, where he leads the Regional Science Program and serves as the Regional Science Liaison to the Agency's Office of Research and Development. He holds a Ph.D. and a Master of Environmental Science and degree from Yale University. Prior to joining EPA, Troy was a hydrologist working on Everglades Restoration, and his primary areas of expertise are water quality and wetland biogeochemistry.

Region 9 Facilitators

  • Madeleine Tango, EPA R9-Water Division. Madeleine has been with the Tribal Infrastructure Section (Water Division, Region 9) since March 2023 and is based in San Diego. She works with Tribes in Southern California to award grants and interagency agreements for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure. Additionally, she works on direct implementation of the SDWA with mobile home park drinking water systems in Eastern Coachella Valley.
  • Bayla Fisher, EPA R9-Water Division. Bayla works in the Tribal Drinking Water Section at EPA Region 9. She oversees the direct implementation of the SDWA at over thirty Tribal public water systems in Arizona. Bayla holds a B.S. in environmental science from the University of Vermont and a drinking water treatment 3 certification.

Region 10 Facilitator

  • Chris Affeldt, EPA R10-Water Division. Chris has worked on implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act in the EPA Region 10 Groundwater and Drinking Water Section since 2017. During that time, he has worked on implementation with the Tribal Drinking Water Team, oversight of state drinking water programs, rule management, AWOP West, and several other drinking water programs. Chris would be happy to talk with you about any of these things – please say hello!

Session 5: Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Technical Assistance for PFAS and Lead

Moderator

Thomas Speth, EPA Office of Research and Development. Tom serves as senior science advisor for EPA's Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in the Office of Research and Development. He is a professional engineer who has worked in the field of water treatment research at EPA since 1986. At EPA, Tom has served as branch chief of EPA’s Treatment Technology Evaluation Branch from May 2005 to January 2009. From January 2009 to March 2018, he served as division director of EPA’s Water Supply and Water Resources Division. During this time, from September 2015 to December 2016, he served in a detail with EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water’s Standards and Risk Management Division as a senior engineering advisor assigned to the Flint Enforcement Team. From March 2018 to April 2023, he served as the associate director for science for the Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response. Tom is a member of AWWA, ASCE, and ACS. He has served as trustee for AWWA's Water Quality and Technology Division, an associate editor for ASCE's Journal of Environmental Engineering, a member of Journal AWWA’s Editorial Advisory Board, and as a trustee and chair of AWWA’s Water Science and Research Division. Tom has a Ph.D. in environmental engineering from the University of Cincinnati, an M.S. in civil/environmental engineering from Michigan Technological University, and a B.S. in chemical engineering from Michigan Technological University.

1. Get the Lead Out Initiative

In November 2023, EPA established the Get the Lead Out Initiative (GLO Initiative) to build on EPA’s existing water technical assistance (WaterTA) programs. Through the GLO Initiative, EPA is partnering with 200 communities, helping them identify lead services lines, develop replacement plans, and apply for funding to get the lead out. This WaterTA program helps accelerate the removal of lead pipes where it’s needed most. EPA will discuss case studies from GLO’s work in 40+ communities so far, highlight success stories, and share best practices that other water systems could use in their service line inventory and replacement program.

Speakers

Karen Swetland-Johnson, EPA Office of Water. Karen is a senior advisor with the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water at EPA Headquarters, where she coordinates implementation of Bipartisan Infrastructure Law programs. Much of Karen’s work focuses on lead service line replacement technical assistance, including the Get the Lead Out (GLO) Initiative. Karen holds a Ph.D. in environmental engineering from Cornell University.

Alex Horansky, EPA Office of Water. Alex is a physical scientist in the EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water assisting with technical assistance and capacity development building programs to ensure public water systems have the capacity to sustain clean, safe drinking water. His main focus is leading the Get the Lead Out (GLO) Initiative, helping water systems identify lead service lines and accelerating lead service line replacement. Alex followed his passion for protecting the environment and human health to the EPA in 2014 and has worked across various regulatory, policy and technical assistance programs. He holds a B.S. in biology from Longwood University.

2. Technical Assistance Project on Lead Service Line Identification

In direct support of the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Emerging Contaminants funding authorized by Congress through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, P.L. 117-58, also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, EPA researchers will be providing small and/or disadvantaged communities with the technical support for identifying lead service lines. This presentation will discuss current ORD efforts, latest findings, and opportunities for collaboration on lead service line identification.

Speaker

Colin White, EPA Office of Research and Development. Colin is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response where his work focuses on lead and copper corrosion and the implementation of lead service line identification efforts under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Prior to joining EPA, he served as the manager of the Emerging Contaminants Section at the Ohio EPA where he managed policy and implementation of unregulated contaminants (manganese, Legionella, PFAS), harmful algal blooms, and the Lead and Copper Rule. He also supervised the Public Water System Enforcement and Rule Unit at Ohio EPA. Colin began his career in drinking water with a research fellowship from EPA as an undergraduate, which continued though completion of a master's degree. Colin has authored dozens drinking water related scientific manuscripts and given numerous presentations and had led research projects on topics, including lead and copper corrosion, biological treatment for arsenic and ammonia, the characterization of bioterrorism agents in drinking water, and Legionella in premise plumbing.

3. Technical Assistance Project on Emerging Contaminants

The PFAS and Emerging Contaminants technical assistance project is delivering actionable PFAS treatment information to nine public water systems and anticipates adding seven more systems by the end of the year. The program is flexible with respect to how the engagement with each system is structured and there is currently room for additional systems. This presentation will discuss how the engagements are progressing at several of the (anonymized) partner systems and will include pilot- and full-scale PFAS removal results. The presentation will conclude with a detailed explanation of the ways in which engagements can be structured and how state primacy agencies and public water systems can access the program.

Speaker

Nicholas Dugan, EPA Office of Research and Development. Nick is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. He has over 25 years of experience conducting bench- and pilot-scale and field research in the removal of microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking water, including Cryptosporidium, cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial toxins, nitrate, perchlorate, and PFAS. Nick holds degrees in economics and civil and environmental engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in Ohio.

Session 6: Breakout Group Roundtable Discussions

Group A: Lead Service Line Identification and Replacement

Discussion Questions

What are the main challenges and lessons learned from the LSLIR and implementation of lead regulations?

Facilitators

  • Colin White, EPA Office of Research and Development. Colin is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response where his work focuses on lead and copper corrosion and the implementation of lead service line identification efforts under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Prior to joining EPA, he served as the manager of the Emerging Contaminants Section at the Ohio EPA where he managed policy and implementation of unregulated contaminants (manganese, Legionella, PFAS), harmful algal blooms, and the Lead and Copper Rule. He also supervised the Public Water System Enforcement and Rule Unit at Ohio EPA. Colin began his career in drinking water with a research fellowship from EPA as an undergraduate, which continued though completion of a master's degree. Colin has authored dozens drinking water related scientific manuscripts and given numerous presentations and had led research projects on topics, including lead and copper corrosion, biological treatment for arsenic and ammonia, the characterization of bioterrorism agents in drinking water, and Legionella in premise plumbing.
  • Michael Finn, EPA Office of Water. Mike is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water, Targeted Community and Compliance Assistance Branch. He is currently working with states and public water systems on the implementation of the Surface Water Treatment Rules, the Disinfection Byproducts Rules, the Groundwater Rule, and the Lead and Copper Rule, as well as microbial and other contaminant treatment issues, alternative treatment technologies, and potable water reuse. Mike has 30 years of experience in public water supplies and drinking water treatment and serves as a national subject matter expert in the areas of disinfection and microbial treatment of drinking water. He is a licensed professional engineer in California and Maryland and a certified water treatment operator.
  • Jennifer Murray, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Jennifer is an environmental scientist with the Division of Water Resources, Drinking Water Compliance Division with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. She joined TDEC in 2023 and provides support and guidance to water systems with their Lead Service Line Inventory. Jennifer’s educational background is in applied sciences, specifically in entomology. She has worked for many years in public health as an epidemiologist, evaluator and data analyst in cancer surveillance and chronic disease. Jennifer holds a B.S. in zoology from Arkansas State University and completed all but her dissertation in the doctoral program in Entomology at Mississippi State University.

Group B: Lead Regulations and Implementations and Lead in Schools

Discussion Questions

How are lead issues in schools being handled and what are the toughest challenges? What are some successes that can be shared with other agencies?

Facilitators

  • Kira Smith, EPA Office of Water. Kira is an environmental engineer in EPA’s Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. She leads teams that implement the Federal Lead and Copper Rule, as well as activities associated with the EPA Lead Strategy to reduce lead exposure to lead from drinking water. She also acts as an advisor and subject matter expert for all things lead in the Capacity and Compliance Assistance Division. She has 25 years of experience in the drinking water industry and previously worked for EPA on the 2007 lead & copper rule short-term revisions. In addition to EPA, she has worked for very small to very large utilities, and as an engineering consultant for various projects in and around Tampa, Florida. Kira is a registered professional engineer in Texas and Virginia. She received her master’s degree in environmental engineering from University of California, Berkeley and her bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from Union College in Upstate New York.
  • Stacy Jones, Indiana Department of Environmental Management. Stacy is currently the Section Chief of the Chemical and Surface Water Compliance Section in the IDEM Drinking Water Branch. Prior to that, she was a regulatory implementation specialist with the IDEM Drinking Water Branch for 19 years. She has worked for IDEM for 28 of the last 31 years. She holds an M.A. in natural resources and environmental management from Ball State University a Bachelor’s in earth science from DePauw University.
  • Kevin Letterly, Association of State Drinking Water Administrators. Kevin has been with ASDWA for six years and is currently the government affairs manager. He manages ASDWA’s regulatory and legislative strategies, with some of his recent project areas including the Water System Restructuring Assessment Rule, consumer confidence reports, microbial disinfection byproducts, and lead testing in schools. Kevin holds an M.S. in environmental science from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and a B.S. in environmental science from the University of Illinois-Champaign.

Group C: PFAS Regulation Implementation

Discussion Questions

What are the main challenges with implementation of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation?
What are some successful implementation strategies?

Facilitators

  • Alison Treglia, EPA Office of Water. Alison is an environmental engineer with EPA’s Drinking Water Capacity and Compliance Assistance Division in the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. She is currently working on the implementation of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. She holds dual degrees from the University of Delaware in environmental engineering (BEng) and music (BA). Prior to joining the EPA, Alison was a consultant at AECOM and ERM with a background in data analytics and visualization with a focus in environmental data management.
  • James Hogan, EPA Office of Water. James has over 20 years of experience working on a variety of hydrology and water quality environmental issues from both the academic and public sectors. Presently he works with the Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water at EPA focused on improving EPA oversight of state primacy agencies and working with regional staff to ensure effective implementation of the National Primacy Drinking Water Regulations, with a present focus on the PFAS Regulation. James has a Ph.D. in earth sciences from Dartmouth College.
  • Jackie Logsdon, Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet. Jackie is an environmental scientist consultant with twenty-four years of experience working for the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet. She began her career as a drinking water inspector and spent most of her tenure providing drinking water technical assistance to public water systems, while also serving as the Kentucky Area Wide Optimization Program coordinator. She now serves as technical advisor to the KY EEC Drinking Water Branch Manager and coordinator for implementation of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. Jackie holds a B.S. in biology from the University of Kentucky.

Group D: PFAS Treatment Options and Residuals

Discussion Questions

What are the main challenges with adopting PFAS treatment options and with how treatment residuals are managed and disposed of? What are some successful strategies?

Facilitators

  • David Wahmam, EPA Office of Research and Development. David is currently a Research Environmental Engineer in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development located in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a registered Professional Engineer with over 25 years of experience. He received his B.S. in civil engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and an M.S.E. in environmental and water resources engineering and Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. Following graduation, he conducted a Post-Doctoral fellowship at the USEPA before accepting a permanent position. His research interests include disinfectant chemistry and distribution system water quality issues.
  • Eugene Leung, California State Water Resource Control Board. Eugene is the drinking water treatment technical specialist for the California Water Board’s State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water, which is responsible for developing and enforcing drinking water regulations and standards in California. His office is in the San Francisco Bay Area, and he is responsible for the review and acceptance of treatment technologies and techniques for drinking water treatment. Eugene’s current efforts include working with and reviewing technologies as alternative filtration technologies, biological treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants, and treatment of PFAS and hexavalent chromium. He has also guided various state funded studies in UV-AOP; point-of-use and point-of-entry treatment; and true cost, feasibility, and challenges of nitrate treatment at disadvantaged communities. Eugene has worked for California’s Drinking Water Program since 1997, where he started as a field engineer regulating public water systems and was promoted to his current position in 2010. Prior to this, he worked for a year at Alameda County Water District. Eugene holds an M.S. and a B.S. in civil engineering from UCLA and is a registered civil engineer and a T4 Water Treatment Operator in California.

Group E: PFAS Monitoring and Analytics

Discussion Questions

How are PFAS monitoring strategies going? What are some challenges with monitoring and/or analytical methods and what’s working well?

Facilitators

  • Dan Hautman, EPA Office of Water. Dan serves is the supervisor for the Technical Support Branch in EPA’s Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Standards and Risk Management Division (SRMD). He has held a management position within the SRMD Cincinnati office since 2010. Prior to accepting this position, he served as the TSC Team Leader and senior chemist managing the direct federal implementation of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). Dan holds a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Cincinnati and has worked for the past 36 years on numerous EPA projects involving both organic and inorganic methods development, validation, environmental research initiatives and national contaminant occurrence studies. He is the author/co-author of over 15 technical manuscripts and 5 EPA drinking water analytical methods.
  • Melissa Simic, EPA Office of Water. Melissa has been a physical scientist with EPA for 15 years. She works in the Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water’s Standards and Risk Management Division as the supervisor for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch. She manages the rule development and implementation of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR). Melissa holds an M.S. in environmental epidemiology, exposure, and risk from Harvard University and a B.S. in cell and molecular biology from Oklahoma State University.
  • Sara Konrad, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Sara joined the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality in August 2023 to manage the Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities Grant Program. Previously, Sara was the Senior Program Administrator with the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona (WIFA) where she managed grants and loans for drinking water and wastewater systems. Earlier in her career, Sara worked for the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, monitoring streams and lakes in the Total Maximum Daily Load Unit and administering construction and municipal stormwater permits. Her career in water quality also took her to Minnesota where she was a compliance and enforcement officer in the construction stormwater program with the state’s Pollution Control Agency. From 1998 to 2000, she served in the U.S. Peace Corps in Kenya where she was assigned to the Ministry of Forestry. Sara holds a master's degree in watershed management from the University of Arizona and a bachelor's degree in geology from the University of Wisconsin.​​​​​​

Group F: Community Engagement and Risk and Crisis Communication

Discussion Question

What approaches are needed to facilitate the development of communication tools and messaging for PFAS and lead and what approaches have been successful?

Facilitators

  • Lahne Mattas-Curry, EPA Office of Research and Development. Lahne is currently the communication director for EPA’s Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in the Office of Research and Development. She has more than 25 years of experience as a communication practitioner in government, including the military, and corporate and non-profit organizations. Lahne holds an M.S. in marketing from Johns Hopkins University and she is completing her Ph.D. in communication at the University of Maryland where her emphasis is in risk communication.
  • Michelle Latham, EPA Office of Research and Development. Michelle is the director of the Water Technical Support Center in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, where she has worked since 2023 to provide a mechanism for a more coordinated and effective ORD technical support response to regional requests. Prior to her current position, her work at EPA focused on communications, outreach, and engagement in various lead roles for ORD’s national research programs and a previous water research division. She is the co-chair of the annual EPA drinking water workshop and monthly webinar series focused on small systems and is a member of EPA’s Response Support Corps. Michelle holds an M.Ed., a B.S. in biology, and a B.L.A. from Xavier University; an A.A.S. from Shoreline College; and a C.G. in advanced medical laboratory technology from the Naval School of Health Sciences.
  • Alycia Overbo, Minnesota Department of Health. Alycia (ah-lee-see-uh) is the supervisor of the Communications and Strategic Initiatives Unit at the Minnesota Department of Health. In this role, she oversees planning, evaluation, and coordination of communications and emerging strategic initiatives for the Drinking Water Protection program. Alycia holds a Ph.D. in Water Resources Science from University of Minnesota, a M.S. in public health from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a B.A. in biology from St. Olaf College, and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Mozambique.

Session 7A: Lead Service Line Identification and Replacement

Moderator

Kira Smith, EPA Office of Water. Kira is an environmental engineer in EPA’s Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. She leads teams that implement the Federal Lead and Copper Rule, as well as activities associated with the EPA Lead Strategy to reduce lead exposure to lead from drinking water. She also acts as an advisor and subject matter expert for all things lead in the Capacity and Compliance Assistance Division. She has 25 years of experience in the drinking water industry and previously worked for EPA on the 2007 lead & copper rule short-term revisions. In addition to EPA, she has worked for very small to very large utilities, and as an engineering consultant for various projects in and around Tampa, Florida. Kira is a registered professional engineer in Texas and Virginia. She received her master’s degree in environmental engineering from University of California, Berkeley and her bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from Union College in Upstate New York.

1. New and Emerging Technologies

Emerging technologies have the potential to enhance the ability of drinking water systems to accurately identify the composition of service lines and reduce associated costs. The search for non-invasive methods such as those based on electrical resistance, acoustic and stress wave propagation/attenuation, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods are now being evaluated to determine the composition of buried service line pipes without digging. These approaches are relatively new to the drinking water field and are still being satisfactorily demonstrated and optimized for use to identify service line composition. Advanced imaging techniques, including x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) may offer more potential with precise identification of materials such as lead, copper, and plastic in service lines. These innovative technologies have the potential to transform service line identification. As these technologies improve and become more readily available, State regulators should consider implementing standards for use. The objective of this presentation is to review new methods for identifying service line materials. Additionally, an update on the development of a reference guide for approving emerging service line material identification being developed by a state regulator workgroup will be shared.

Speaker

Jennifer Murray, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Jennifer is an environmental scientist with the Division of Water Resources, Drinking Water Compliance Division with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. She joined TDEC in 2023 and provides support and guidance to water systems with their Lead Service Line Inventory. Jennifer’s educational background is in applied sciences, specifically in entomology. She has worked for many years in public health as an epidemiologist, evaluator and data analyst in cancer surveillance and chronic disease. Jennifer holds a B.S. in zoology from Arkansas State University and completed all but her dissertation in the doctoral program in Entomology at Mississippi State University

2. Machine Learning Tools

Water systems face an assorted array of technologies and approaches promising to facilitate the cost-effective identification and remediation of legacy lead service lines that are still present in water systems across the country. Predictive modeling using geostatistical, machine learning, and artificial intelligence approaches more broadly are one category of tools that are being proposed and implemented to fulfill the LCRR mandated service line inventory and for guiding remediation in a more targeted and cost-effective fashion. This presentation will attempt to provide unbiased and scientifically based responses to common questions that often arise when utilizing these approaches including: 1) How much data are needed to develop and validate these models?; 2) What types of data are needed to develop these models?; 3) How to obtain the data needed to develop and validate these models?; 4) How to assess the performance of these models in identifying lead service lines?; 5) What is the true cost of setting up these models compared to other lead identifications approaches?; and 6) How these models can be leveraged in practice to guide the remediation process?

Speakers

Brian Dyson, EPA Office of Research and Development. Brian is the supervisor of the Environmental Decision Analytics Branch in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division. He supervises researchers working on environmental decision and data analytics and coordinates drinking water infrastructure resilience research for small communities. His past research spans simulation-optimization methods for environmental systems engineering and multi-criteria decision analysis applied to flood resilience planning, contaminated site remediation, sustainable materials management, wetland restoration, and watershed management.

Caleb Buahin, EPA Office of Research and Development. Caleb is a research civil engineer EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. His research involves developing and applying hybrid physics/process-based and artificial intelligence/machine learning methods with sensor data towards smart/intelligent design and management of water systems. His research traverses the intersection between large river-reservoir/lake systems to stormwater and wastewater systems and is addressing issues, including urbanization and climate impacts on water supply, ecosystems services, flooding, combined sewer overflows, and flooding, He also manages EPA’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM).

3. Water Sampling

Water sampling can be a relatively simple and cost-effective approach to identify lead service lines (LSLs) compared to other existing methods. This presentation will outline established drinking water sampling methods including sequential profile sampling, first draw sampling, flushed sampling, random daytime sampling, manual composite sampling, and passive (POU device) sampling, that could be used to identify LSLs within a water system depending on their corrosion control and water chemistry. This presentation will also discuss how sampling approaches can provide information on the impact of other LSL identification methods on water quality, particularly when a disturbance occurs.

Speaker

Christina Devine, EPA Office of Research and Development. Christina is an engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. Her research interests include drinking water quality/treatment, aquatic chemistry, corrosion science, sustainable drinking water infrastructure, and public health. At EPA, she is conducting research on lead in drinking water with a current focus on lead service line identification. She is the Chair of the American Water Works Association Premise Plumbing: Beyond the Meter Committee. Christina holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering and a B.S. in engineering science and mechanics from Virginia Tech.

Session 7B: PFAS Treatment

Moderator:

David Wahmam, EPA Office of Research and Development. David is currently a Research Environmental Engineer in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development located in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a registered Professional Engineer with over 25 years of experience. He received his B.S. in civil engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and an M.S.E. in environmental and water resources engineering and Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. Following graduation, he conducted a Post-Doctoral fellowship at the USEPA before accepting a permanent position. His research interests include disinfectant chemistry and distribution system water quality issues.

1. PFAS Treatment Requirements in New Jersey

This presentation will cover the NJ PFAS treatment requirements for water systems, including information on the state’s temporary treatment application process. The common construction permit application deficiencies under a technical review, and pilot study requirements will also be covered.

Speaker

Cory Stevenson, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Cory is an environmental engineer with the NJDEP’s Bureau of Water System Engineering. His responsibilities include the review of water treatment construction permits, corrosion control measures, and various sample plans. He has served as the emerging contaminant treatment lead which entails researching new technologies, coordinating with other NJDEP programs and manufacturers, and shaping NJ’s treatment review requirements. Cory previously worked in site remediation where he installed, operated, and maintained PFAS, BTEX, and PCE treatment systems. His other duties included well drilling supervision, Superfund site sampling, contaminant plume mapping, report preparation for state submittals, and remedial actions under multiple government contracts. Cory holds a B.S. in environmental systems engineering with a focus on watersheds and water resources from The Pennsylvania State University.

2. EPA’s Open-Source Treatment Performance modeling Tools for PFAS Treatment

This presentation will highlight EPA’s freely available open-source treatment performance modeling tools for granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) treatment unit operations. The functionality and capabilities of each of the available tools will be highlighted and discussed with an emphasis on predicting the removal of PFAS. AdDesignS is a graphical user interface (GUI) for modeling GAC treatment, and two new GUIs for IX and GAC will be discussed. Advanced modeling capabilities with Python-based functions will also be highlighted, which includes automatic data fitting from pilot results for GAC applications. This talk will highlight the availability of these tools, where to find the models and some associated data that the models need.

Speaker

Jonathan Burkhardt, EPA Office of Research and Development. Jonathan is an environmental engineer with EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division and has over ten years of experience in research associated with drinking water quality and supply topics. He is currently leading research into modeling PFAS removal using granular activated carbon and ion exchange systems and modeling water quality in premise plumbing systems and water distribution systems. Jonathan holds a Ph.D., and M.S., and a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Cincinnati.

3. PFAS Breakthrough and NOM Effects from Pilot-Scale AEX Columns

This presentation will provide insight into the effects of natural organic matter (NOM) on PFAS removal by anion exchange resins. Pilot-scale fixed-bed columns with PFA694E (a strong-base, gel resin) were used to observe PFAS breakthrough with and without NOM at four empty bed contact times (EBCTs; 0.5-, 1.0-, 1.5-, and 2.5- min) with stable influent conditions of known water quality. An ion exchange column model (IEX-CM) was applied for parameter optimization and simulating PFAS effluent concentrations for comparison with experimental data. Apparent non-adsorptive removal of GenX with increasing EBCT and in the absence of NOM will also be discussed.

Speaker

Samantha Smith, EPA Office of Research and Development. Samantha is a physical scientist EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. She has supported EPA research in various roles since 2004 in laboratory and field studies covering diverse topics impacting water quality. She holds an M.S. in environmental science and recently completed her Ph.D. in environmental science at the University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering and Applied Science. Her current research focuses on PFAS removal from drinking water matrices using anion exchange resins.

Session 8A: Lead Chemistry and Corrosion Control

Moderator

Stephen Harmon, EPA Office of Research and Development. Steve is the supervisor of the Drinking Water Quality Branch in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. His research involves corrosion in drinking water distribution systems, especially in lead service lines and premise plumbing, and he is a technical expert in the analysis of distribution pipe scale and nanoparticles. Steve holds and M.S. in geology from the University of Cincinnati and a B.A. in secondary education and general science from the University of Akron.

1. Lead Chemistry 101

This presentation will provide an overview of lead corrosion and release basics. It will cover corrosion oxidation-reduction, scale formation, solubility, and important factors affecting lead release into drinking water. A pre-workshop corrosion refresher is available online to watch your own pace: 2021 EPA Corrosion Training.

Speaker

Simoni Triantafyllidou, EPA Office of Research and Development. Simoni is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. Her research and technical support efforts revolve around aquatic chemistry, drinking water quality/treatment, corrosion science, inorganic contaminants and sustainable drinking water infrastructure (premise plumbing/distribution systems). Simoni holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering from Virginia Tech.

2. Lead Pipe Scale and Particles

The analysis of the surface of extracted lead-bearing plumbing materials can accurately identify the solid phases on the pipe surfaces, and thus give insight into the mechanisms that govern solubility and metal release. This presentation describes the steps taken by EPA to obtain scale and particle samples, prepare them for analysis, and the types of information that can be collected from various analytical techniques. Several case studies illustrate how solids analyses can assist in the decision-making process for consultants and water system personnel, including limitations in both the methodology and interpretation of resulting data.

Speaker

Mike DeSantis, EPA Office of Research and Development. Mike is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. He has 19 years of experience on the characterization of corrosion solids and their effects on drinking water quality in lead, copper and iron drinking water piping. Mike holds a Ph.D. in geology from the University of Cincinnati, a M.S. in geology from the University of Idaho, and a B.A. in biology with specialization in marine science from Boston University.

3. Corrosion Control Methods and Approach

This presentation will review best practices for starting and maintaining corrosion control treatment (CCT). CCT does not act alone but must be considered in concert with all water treatments that impact the water quality. Considerations for when to review CCT and how to gather useful system and water quality data will also be discussed.

Speaker

Jennifer Tully, EPA Office of Research and Development. Jennifer is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. She has spent the past eight years examining drinking water pipe corrosion scales and deposits and developing sampling plans to investigate the occurrence of lead in drinking water and the efficacy of certified lead reduction filters. Jennifer holds an M.S. in geology and a B.S. in geology with a minor in biology

Session 8B: PFAS Occurrence and Analytics

Moderator

Melissa Simic, EPA Office of Water. Melissa has been a physical scientist with EPA for 15 years. She works in the Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water’s Standards and Risk Management Division as the supervisor for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch. She manages the rule development and implementation of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR). Melissa holds an M.S. in environmental epidemiology, exposure, and risk from Harvard University and a B.S. in cell and molecular biology from Oklahoma State University.

1. EPA Drinking Water PFAS Analytical Methods and the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation

Recently, U. S. governments at various levels have proposed or implemented regulatory programs for PFAS contaminants in drinking water, including the April 2024 EPA release of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR). To meet these regulatory compliance requirements, laboratories must use analytical methods that can accurately and precisely measure PFAS. The development of these analytical methods includes quantitation of PFAS at concentrations that meet the needs of the regulatory programs and also attempting to minimize burden and sources of error associated with the methods while still meeting quality control criteria appropriate for drinking water methods. EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water and Office of Research and Development have a history of drinking water analytical method development for both regulated and unregulated contaminants, including the PFAS EPA Methods 533 and 537.1. This presentation focuses on these EPA PFAS drinking water analytical methods and their use within the recently promulgated final PFAS NPDWR.

Speaker

Will Adams, EPA Office of Water. Will is a chemist with EPA's, Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Technical Support Branch where he is involved with drinking water analytical method development and technical support, the Drinking Water Alternate Test Procedure Program evaluating new and updated drinking water methods for regulatory compliance monitoring, and the UCMR program as a technical and analytical method resource. He has 17 years of research experience in EPA's analytical method development for drinking water contaminants with a focus on LC-MS/MS. Will holds a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry and a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Alabama.

2. Implementing a Proactive PFAS Program Using Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities Grant Funding

Since January 2023, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) has conducted PFAS sampling at all public water systems which were not included in EPA’s fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule but are regulated under the new PFAS rule. Sampling data indicate that more than 100 public water systems in the state will require PFAS mitigation. Data from the sampling project are also used by ADEQ to prioritize and select systems for direct assistance through the Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities (EC-SDC) grant funds. Through the EC-SDC Grant Program, ADEQ is assisting communities with cost-effective, appropriate and sustainable approaches for removing PFAS from drinking water. These may include well rehabilitation or a new water source, interconnection or consolidation, or, as a last resort, treatment. To further assist small or disadvantaged communities receiving this assistance, ADEQ is reducing barriers to utilize these funds by contracting directly with design engineers and construction contractors leveraging state contracts.

ADEQ will present these processes, lessons learned, and the status of current projects funded through this grant. ADEQ is also utilizing the grant funds to develop numerous PFAS resources for public water systems and their design engineers. In addition to webinars and a full-day, in-person PFAS Forum: “Industry Perspectives on Solutions,” ADEQ has contracted with a trainer with expertise in PFAS to provide two-day in-person training for owners and operators of small or disadvantaged public water systems with PFAS detections. Using additional state funding directed to PFAS mitigation, ADEQ is conducting focused hydrogeologic investigations in areas with the highest detections of PFAS in small drinking water systems to help water providers assess alternatives, such as drilling new wells. ADEQ’s PFAS team has also developed several technical tools, including decision trees for PFAS mitigation, a fact sheet on point of use/point of entry treatment for PFAS, and piloting testing protocols for PFAS (in development). Future technical tools to be developed include PFAS cost models and guidance on PFAS treatment residual disposal options. ADEQ will provide an overview of these materials, along with information about where states can find these resources for their own use.

Speaker

Sara Konrad, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Sara joined the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality in August 2023 to manage the Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities Grant Program. Previously, Sara was the Senior Program Administrator with the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona (WIFA) where she managed grants and loans for drinking water and wastewater systems. Earlier in her career, Sara worked for the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, monitoring streams and lakes in the Total Maximum Daily Load Unit and administering construction and municipal stormwater permits. Her career in water quality also took her to Minnesota where she was a compliance and enforcement officer in the construction stormwater program with the state’s Pollution Control Agency. From 1998 to 2000, she served in the U.S. Peace Corps in Kenya where she was assigned to the Ministry of Forestry. Sara holds a master's degree in watershed management from the University of Arizona and a bachelor's degree in geology from the University of Wisconsin.

3. Broad-Spectrum PFAS Study to Characterize the Class of PFAS in California

The California State Water Resources Control Board, in collaboration with EPA’s Office of Research and Development, conducted a PFAS method comparison study to evaluate the presence of unknown PFAS that have been detected in California’s drinking water. The method comparison study included the collection of samples from nine public water supply wells. Samples were analyzed using a suite of broad-spectrum analytical techniques including adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) by combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (AOF-CIC), extractable organic fluorine (EOF) by CIC (EOF-CIC), non-targeted analysis (NTA) using high-resolution mass spectrometry, and other techniques that are primarily available through academic partnerships. In addition to field sample analysis, the study evaluated the fate of analytical reference materials in AOF-CIC and EOF-CIC. This represented a range of organic fluorine compounds including ultrashort-chain, volatile, and cationic PFAS at various concentrations.

The results of the study indicate that AOF-CIC captured a broad organic fluorine chemical space while also minimizing interference from inorganic fluorine compounds. The study also identified other analytical methods that are useful to further characterize PFAS chemical space in environmental samples. The results of this study support a multi-year effort to sample nearly 4,000 public water supply wells serving disadvantaged communities that will be analyzed for targeted PFAS, AOF-CIC, and supplemental analyses including NTA and ultrashort-chain PFAS. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a monitoring program for community public water systems that account for the class of PFAS and assess the health impacts of those PFAS not being removed by conventional treatment technologies.

Speaker

Erica Kalve, California State Water Resources Control Board. Erica serves as a senior engineering geologist and supervisor for the Pretreatment and Constituents of Emerging Concern Unit within the California State Water Resources Control Board’s (State Water Boards) Division of Water Quality. She has been working in the environmental field for over twenty years and has a broad range of experience evaluating and addressing contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including PFAS, in the environment. In her current role, she supports the implementation of statewide pretreatment programs and development of a statewide CEC monitoring and management plan.

Session 9: Topical Deep Dive and Posters

Topic 1: PFAS Treatment

Deep Dive Table

  • Eugene Leung, California State Water Resource Control Board. Eugene is the drinking water treatment technical specialist for the California Water Board’s State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water, which is responsible for developing and enforcing drinking water regulations and standards in California. His office is in the San Francisco Bay Area, and he is responsible for the review and acceptance of treatment technologies and techniques for drinking water treatment. Eugene’s current efforts include working with and reviewing technologies as alternative filtration technologies, biological treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants, and treatment of PFAS and hexavalent chromium. He has also guided various state funded studies in UV-AOP; point-of-use and point-of-entry treatment; and true cost, feasibility, and challenges of nitrate treatment at disadvantaged communities. Eugene has worked for California’s Drinking Water Program since 1997, where he started as a field engineer regulating public water systems and was promoted to his current position in 2010. Prior to this, he worked for a year at Alameda County Water District. Eugene holds an M.S. and a B.S. in civil engineering from UCLA and is a registered civil engineer and a T4 Water Treatment Operator in California.
  • Samantha Smith, EPA Office of Research and Development. Samantha is a physical scientist EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. She has supported EPA research in various roles since 2004 in laboratory and field studies covering diverse topics impacting water quality. She holds an M.S. in environmental science and recently completed her Ph.D. in environmental science at the University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering and Applied Science. Her current research focuses on PFAS removal from drinking water matrices using anion exchange resins.
  • Jonathan Burkhardt, EPA Office of Research and Development. Jonathan is an environmental engineer with EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division and has over ten years of experience in research associated with drinking water quality and supply topics. He is currently leading research into modeling PFAS removal using granular activated carbon and ion exchange systems and modeling water quality in premise plumbing systems and water distribution systems. Jonathan holds a Ph.D., and M.S., and a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Cincinnati.
  • Cory Stevenson, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Cory is an environmental engineer with the NJDEP’s Bureau of Water System Engineering. His responsibilities include the review of water treatment construction permits, corrosion control measures, and various sample plans. He has served as the emerging contaminant treatment lead which entails researching new technologies, coordinating with other NJDEP programs and manufacturers, and shaping NJ’s treatment review requirements. Cory previously worked in site remediation where he installed, operated, and maintained PFAS, BTEX, and PCE treatment systems. His other duties included well drilling supervision, Superfund site sampling, contaminant plume mapping, report preparation for state submittals, and remedial actions under multiple government contracts. Cory holds a B.S. in environmental systems engineering with a focus on watersheds and water resources from The Pennsylvania State University.

Posters

1. EPA Technical Assistance Project for Treating Emerging Contaminants (BIL-PFAS). This poster provides an overview and insight to the research EPA-ORD is conducting in support of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) effort to accurately, affordably, and quickly identify and replace remaining lead service lines. The poster excludes conventional identification methods such as tap card and historical record reviews, visual observation, potholing, hydro excavation, and partial and full excavation. The focus is on eight emerging, or potential alternative, methods for identification that were found through literature reviews, market and vendor research, networking at conferences, collaborations with communities, and demonstrations at a test bed or in the field. Presented is the current state of science (as of August 2024) through our observed findings, limitations, and considerations of these emerging and evolving identification methods with the goal of increasing audience awareness of options and enabling more informed decisions for addressing unknown service line material. Nicholas Dugan, EPA Office of Research and Development. Nick is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. He has over 25 years of experience conducting bench- and pilot-scale and field research in the removal of microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking water, including Cryptosporidium, cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial toxins, nitrate, perchlorate, and PFAS. Nick holds degrees in economics and civil and environmental engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in Ohio.

  • Eugene Leung | California State Water Resources Control Board
    Eugene Leung is the drinking water treatment technical specialist for the California Water Board’s State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (DDW), which is responsible for developing and enforcing drinking water regulations and standards in California. His office is in the San Francisco Bay Area, and he is responsible for the review and acceptance of treatment technologies and techniques for drinking water treatment. Eugene’s current efforts include working with and reviewing technologies as alternative filtration technologies, biological treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants, and treatment of PFAS and hexavalent chromium. He has also guided various state funded studies in UV-AOP; point-of-use and point-of-entry treatment; and true cost, feasibility, and challenges of nitrate treatment at disadvantaged communities. Eugene has worked for California’s Drinking Water Program since 1997, where he started as a field engineer regulating public water systems and was promoted to his current position in 2010. Prior to this, he worked for a year at Alameda County Water District. Eugene holds an M.S. and a B.S. in civil engineering from UCLA and is a registered civil engineer and a T4 Water Treatment Operator in California.
  • Samantha Smith | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Samantha J. Smith is currently a Physical Science Student Trainee at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has supported USEPA research in various roles since 2004 in laboratory and field studies covering diverse topics impacting water quality. She earned her M.S. in environmental science in 2015 and recently completed her Ph.D. in environmental science at the University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering and Applied Science. Her current research focuses on PFAS removal from drinking water matrices using anion exchange resins.
  • Jonathan Burkhardt | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Jonathan is an environmental engineer with EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division and has over ten years of experience in research associated with drinking water quality and supply topics. He is currently leading research into modeling PFAS removal using granular activated carbon and ion exchange systems and modeling water quality in premise plumbing systems and water distribution systems. Jonathan holds a Ph.D., and M.S., and a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Cincinnati.
  • Cory Stevenson | New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
    Cory is an environmental engineer with the NJDEP’s Bureau of Water System Engineering (BWSE). His responsibilities include the review of water treatment construction permits, corrosion control measures, and various sample plans. He has served as the emerging contaminant treatment lead which entails researching new technologies, coordinating with other NJDEP programs and manufacturers, and shaping NJ’s treatment review requirements. Cory graduated from The Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in environmental systems engineering, with a focus on watersheds and water resources. He previously worked in site remediation where he installed, operated, and maintained PFAS, BTEX, and PCE treatment systems. His other duties included well drilling supervision, Superfund site sampling, contaminant plume mapping, report preparation for state submittals, and remedial actions under multiple government contracts.

Table 2: PFAS Monitoring and Analytics

  • Dan Hautman | EPA Office of Water
    Dan serves as the Branch Supervisor for the Technical Support Branch (TSB) in the U.S. EPA, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Standards and Risk Management Division. He has held a management position within the SRMD Cincinnati office since 2010. Prior to accepting this position, he served as the TSC Team Leader and senior chemist managing the direct federal implementation of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). He graduated with a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Cincinnati in 1988 and has worked for the past 36 years on numerous EPA projects involving both organic and inorganic methods development, validation, environmental research initiatives and national contaminant occurrence studies. He is the author/co-author of over 15 technical manuscripts and 5 U.S. EPA drinking water analytical methods.
  • Melissa Simic | EPA Office of Water
    Melissa has been a physical scientist with EPA for 15 years. She works in the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water’s Standards and Risk Management Division as the Branch Supervisor for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch. She manages the rule development and implementation of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR). Melissa holds an M.S. in environmental epidemiology, exposure, and risk from Harvard University and a B.S. in cell and molecular biology from Oklahoma State University.
  • Sara Konrad | Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
    Sara joined the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality in August 2023 to manage the Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities Grant Program.
    Previously, Sara was the Senior Program Administrator with the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona (WIFA) where she managed grants and loans for drinking water and wastewater systems. Earlier in her career, Sara worked for the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, monitoring streams and lakes in the Total Maximum Daily Load Unit and administering construction and municipal stormwater permits. Her career in water quality also took her to Minnesota where she was a compliance and enforcement officer in the construction stormwater program with the state’s Pollution Control Agency. From 1998 to 2000, she served in the U.S. Peace Corps in Kenya where she was assigned to the Ministry of Forestry. Sara holds a Masters degree in watershed management from the University of Arizona and a Bachelors degree in geology from the University of Wisconsin.
  • Will Adams | EPA Office of Water
    Will is a chemist with EPA's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Technical Support Branch in Cincinnati, OH, where he is involved with drinking water analytical method development and technical support, the Drinking Water Alternate Test Procedure (ATP) Program evaluating new and updated drinking water methods for regulatory compliance monitoring, and the UCMR program as a technical and analytical method resource. He has 17 years of research experience in EPA's analytical method development for drinking water contaminants with a focus on LC-MS/MS. Will holds a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry and a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Alabama.

​​​​​Table 3: Lead Service Line Replacement and Identification

  • Colin White | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Colin is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response where his work focuses on lead and copper corrosion and the implementation of lead service line identification efforts under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Prior to joining EPA, he served as the manager of the Emerging Contaminants Section at the Ohio EPA where he managed policy and implementation of unregulated contaminants (manganese, Legionella, PFAS), harmful algal blooms, and the Lead and Copper Rule. He also supervised the Public Water System Enforcement and Rule Unit at Ohio EPA. Colin began his career in drinking water with a research fellowship from EPA as an undergraduate, which continued though completion of a master's degree. Colin has authored dozens drinking water related scientific manuscripts and given numerous presentations and had led research projects on topics, including lead and copper corrosion, biological treatment for arsenic and ammonia, the characterization of bioterrorism agents in drinking water, and Legionella in premise plumbing.
  • Jennifer Murray | Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
    Jennifer is an environmental scientist with the Division of Water Resources, Drinking Water Compliance Division with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. She joined TDEC in 2023 and provides support and guidance to water systems with their Lead Service Line Inventory. Jennifer’s educational background is in applied sciences, specifically in entomology. She has worked for many years in public health as an epidemiologist, evaluator and data analyst in cancer surveillance and chronic disease. Jennifer holds a B.S. in zoology from Arkansas State University and completed all but her dissertation in the doctoral program in Entomology at Mississippi State University.
  • Christina Devine | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Christina is an engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her research interests include drinking water quality/treatment, aquatic chemistry, corrosion science, sustainable drinking water infrastructure, and public health. At EPA, she is conducting research on lead in drinking water with a current focus on lead service line identification. She is the Chair of the American Water Works Association Premise Plumbing: Beyond the Meter Committee. Christina holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering and a B.S. in engineering science and mechanics from Virginia Tech.

Table 4: Lead Chemistry and Corrosion

  • Simoni Triantafyllidou | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Simoni is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her research and technical support efforts revolve around aquatic chemistry, drinking water quality/treatment, corrosion science, inorganic contaminants and sustainable drinking water infrastructure (premise plumbing/distribution systems). Simoni holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering from Virginia Tech.
  • Mike Desantis | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Mike DeSantis is a physical scientist in the Water Systems Division of EPA-ORD, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He has 19 years of experience on the characterization of corrosion solids and their effects on drinking water quality in lead, copper and iron drinking water piping. Mike has a Ph.D. in geology from the University of Cincinnati, an M.S. in geology from the University of Idaho, and a B.A. in biology with specialization in marine science from Boston University.
  • Jennifer Tully | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Jennifer is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has spent the past eight years examining drinking water pipe corrosion scales and deposits and developing sampling plans to investigate the occurrence of lead in drinking water and the efficacy of certified lead reduction filters. Jennifer holds an M.S. in geology and a B.S. in geology with a minor in biology.

Table 5: Regulatory Compliance Implementation

  • Michael Finn | EPA Office of Water
    Mike is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water, Targeted Community and Compliance Assistance Branch. He is currently working with states and public water systems on the implementation of the Surface Water Treatment Rules, the Disinfection Byproducts Rules, the Groundwater Rule, and the Lead and Copper Rule, as well as microbial and other contaminant treatment issues, alternative treatment technologies, and potable water reuse. Mike has 30 years of experience in public water supplies and drinking water treatment and serves as a national subject matter expert in the areas of disinfection and microbial treatment of drinking water. He is a licensed professional engineer in California and Maryland and a certified water treatment operator.
  • Alison Treglia | EPA Office of Water
    Alison is an environmental engineer with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Drinking Water Capacity & Compliance Assistance Division in the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water in Washington, DC. She is currently working on the implementation of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. She holds dual degrees from the University of Delaware in environmental engineering (BEng) and music (BA). Prior to joining the EPA, Alison was a consultant at AECOM and ERM with a background in data analytics and visualization with a focus in environmental data management.
  • James Hogan | EPA Office of Water
    James has over 20 years of experience working on a variety of hydrology and water quality environmental issues from both the academic and public sectors. Presently he works with the Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water at USEPA focused on improving EPA oversight of state primacy agencies and working with regional staff to ensure effective implementation of the National Primacy Drinking Water Regulations, with a present focus on the PFAS Regulation. James has a Ph.D. in earth sciences from Dartmouth College.
  • Kira Smith | EPA Office of Water
    Kira is an environmental engineer in EPA’s Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. She leads teams that implement the Federal Lead and Copper Rule, as well as activities associated with the EPA Lead Strategy to reduce lead exposure to lead from drinking water. She also acts as an advisor and subject matter expert for all things lead in the Capacity and Compliance Assistance Division. She has 25 years of experience in the drinking water industry and previously worked for EPA on the 2007 lead & copper rule short-term revisions. In addition to EPA, she has worked for very small to very large utilities, and as an engineering consultant for various projects in and around Tampa, Florida. Kira is a registered professional engineer in Texas and Virginia. She received her master’s degree in environmental engineering from University of California, Berkeley and her bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from Union College in Upstate New York.
  • Jackie Logsdon | Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet
    Jackie Logsdon is an Environmental Scientist Consultant with twenty-four years of experience working for the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet. She began her career as a drinking water inspector. She spent most of her tenure providing drinking water technical assistance to public water systems, while also serving as the Kentucky Area Wide Optimization Program coordinator. She now serves as technical advisor to the Drinking Water Branch Manager and coordinator for implementation of the PFAS drinking water rule. Jackie is a 1999 graduate of the University of Kentucky with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology.
  • Ashley Greene | EPA Office of Water
    Ashley Greene has over 15 years of experience as a physical scientist. She currently works in EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) on the development and review of the nation’s drinking water rules and regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act, including the PFAS drinking water rule. During her time in the OGWDW, she also served as the Special Assistant coordinating the priorities of the office and working directly with senior EPA leadership on the nation’s drinking water protection efforts, as well as on the Creating Resilient Water Utilities program, providing resources and technical assistance to water utilities in adapting to climate change and building resilient water infrastructure. Prior to joining the EPA OGWDW, she worked in EPA’s Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds on several projects dealing with the assessment and control of pollution in marine and coastal waters. Previous to her EPA career, Ashley served as a Surface Warfare Officer in the United States Navy. Ashley received her M.S. in atmospheric and oceanic science from the University of Maryland and earned her B.S. in oceanography from the United States Naval Academy.
  • Karen Swetland-Johnson | EPA Office of Water
    Karen Swetland-Johnson is a Senior Advisor with the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water at EPA Headquarters, where she coordinates implementation of Bipartisan Infrastructure Law programs. Much of Karen’s work focuses on lead service line replacement technical assistance, including the Get the Lead Out (GLO) Initiative. Karen has a PhD in environmental engineering from Cornell University.
  • Alex Horansky | EPA Office of Water
    Alex Horansky is a Physical Scientist in the EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water assisting with technical assistance and capacity development building programs to ensure public water systems have the capacity to sustain clean, safe drinking water. His main focus is leading the Get the Lead Out (GLO) Initiative, helping water systems identify lead service lines and accelerating lead service line replacement. Alex has a B.S. in biology from Longwood University. He followed his passion for protecting the environment and human health to the EPA in 2014 and has worked across various regulatory, policy and technical assistance programs.
  • Stacy Jones| Indiana Department of Environmental Management
    Stacy is currently the Section Chief of the Chemical and Surface Water Compliance Section in the IDEM Drinking Water Branch. Prior to that, she was a regulatory implementation specialist with the IDEM Drinking Water Branch for 19 years. She has worked for IDEM for 28 of the last 31 years. She holds an M.A. in natural resources and environmental management from Ball State University a Bachelor’s in earth science from DePauw University.

Table 6: Community Engagement and Communications

  • Michelle Latham | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Michelle is the director of the Water Technical Support Center in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, where she has worked since 2023 to provide a mechanism for a more coordinated and effective ORD technical support response to regional requests. Prior to her current position, her work at EPA focused on communications, outreach, and engagement in various lead roles for ORD’s national research programs and a previous water research division. She is the co-chair of the annual EPA drinking water workshop and monthly webinar series focused on small systems and is a member of EPA’s Response Support Corps. Michelle holds an M.Ed., a B.S. in biology, and a B.L.A. from Xavier University; an A.A.S. from Shoreline College; and a C.G. in advanced medical laboratory technology from the Naval School of Health Sciences.
  • Alycia Overbo | Minnesota Department of Health
    Alycia (ah-lee-see-uh) is the supervisor of the Communications and Strategic Initiatives Unit at the Minnesota Department of Health. In this role, she oversees planning, evaluation, and coordination of communications and emerging strategic initiatives for the Drinking Water Protection program. Alycia holds a PhD in Water Resources Science from University of Minnesota, a M.S. in public health from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a B.A. in biology from St. Olaf College, and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Mozambique.
  • Jennifer Bolt | Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy
    Jeni Bolt is an environmental quality specialist with Michigan’s Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE), where she works with community water systems to understand and comply with the complexities of the Lead and Copper Rule provisions of the Michigan Safe Drinking Water Act. Jeni has a B.S. in biology from Calvin University and been with EGLE for almost 19 years. She has worked in many water-related programs including stormwater, wetlands, inland lakes and streams, and drinking water. 

Table 7: Enforcement and Inspection

  • Barbara VanTil | EPA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
    Barbara VanTil has dedicated her career to promoting clean and safe water for the past 18 years. An EPA scientist, she currently serves as Senior Technical Advisor in OECA’s Office of Compliance,  Monitoring, Assistance and Media Programs Division, where she works on Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and Clean Water Act (CWA) policy and implementation. As a former inspector in EPA Region 5, Barbara gained an understanding of the unique challenges facing small systems and the communities they serve. Since joining OECA, Barbara has designed technical assistance programs for under-resourced and overburdened communities to help address their compliance challenges. Barbara has also been instrumental in developing and implementing OECA’s SDWA Community Water System National Compliance and Enforcement Initiative; providing inspector training to Regions and States; and supporting other key drinking water and surface water priorities. Barbara received her Master of Science degree from the University of Minnesota and a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture from Purdue University.
  • Heidi Rausch | EPA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
    Heidi Rausch is an Environmental Engineer in the Municipal Branch within the Water Enforcement Division of EPA’s Office of Civil Enforcement. She has a master's degree in environmental engineering and a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Cornell University. Heidi began working at EPA in 2019; her role is a technical advisor and inspector under the Safe Drinking Water Act. She is a credentialed Public Water System inspector and is working on credentials for the Underground Injection Control program as well. Prior to joining EPA, she worked as a project manager at the US Garrison at West Point and served as an Environmental Health volunteer in the Peace Corps in Panama.

Posters

Board 1: U.S. EPA Technical Assistance Project for Treatment Emerging Contaminants (BIL-PFAS)

This poster describes an EPA project to engage with water systems to evaluate treatment schemes for cost-effectively and sustainably removing emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from drinking water. EPA will be partnering with systems that are piloting, running a full-scale temporary treatment unit, or have installed a permanent full-scale unit and with systems that are contemplating residuals treatment (e.g., reverse osmosis concentrate, GAC reactivation, ion exchange regeneration). The nature of each engagement can be tailored to the needs of the participating system, ranging from sampling support to―in limited cases―turnkey installation, operation, and sampling of pilot systems. The data generated will be shared with the participating water systems, their state primacy agencies, and consultants. The goal of the data sharing will be to help the systems better understand their treatment process, better understand their treatment options, and engage more productively with their consulting engineers. The results will also be used in the development of nationally available tools for treatment choice, optimization, and costing purposes. Finally, the results will be used to generate informational resources for disseminating best practices to states, tribes, territories, and communities. This technical assistance project is being conducted by EPA’s Office of Research and Development in support of the Agency’s administration and implementation of the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) programs authorized by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) of 2021.

Nick Dugan | EPA Office of Research and Development
Nick is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. He has over 25 years of experience conducting bench- and pilot-scale and field research in the removal of microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking water, including Cryptosporidium, cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial toxins, nitrate, perchlorate, and PFAS. Nick holds degrees in economics and civil and environmental engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in Ohio.

Board 2: Challenges in Guam's Drinking Water: PFAS

Guam faces several challenges in regard to PFAS such as large amounts of PFAS across the island, import and export costs of GAC, and limited funding for testing and treatments. There are multiple hot spots of PFAS since the military inhabits 25% of Guam as well as our airport that encompass only 212 square miles of land. Although Guam faces numerous challenges, with recent EC-SDC funding Guam EPA has alleviated PFAS testing for our largest public water system.

Sierra Bettis | Guam Environmental Protection Agency
Sierra is with Guam EPA, the Guam Waterworks Authority (GWA) sanitary survey for all three systems, GWA compliance, and SDWIS entry. Additionally, she manages emerging contaminant data such as PFAS and dieldrin. Sierra holds a B.A.Sc. in environmental hydrology and water resources from the University of Arizona. At the university, she was a project intern for the Hydrology Department under Dr. Thomas Meixner, helping with green infrastructure in Tucson, Arizona. Sierra also worked for the University of Guam Sea Grant Program to map the Ugum Watershed for their Guam Restoration and Watersheds Initiative by highlighting the eroded areas. 

Nicole Diras | Guam Environmental Protection Agency
Nicole has been with Guam EPA for almost 1 year, and assists with sanitary survey and compliance for Guam’s smaller public water systems. She also assists with operator renewals and SDWIS data entry. Nicole holds a B.S. in biology for the University of Guam under the bio-medical track. During her time at the University of Guam, Nicole was a teacher’s assistant for two environmental biology classes where she led field explorations.

Board 3: Emerging Technologies for Lead Service Line Identification

This poster provides an overview and insight to the research ORD is conducting in support of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) effort to accurately, affordably, and quickly identify and replace remaining lead service lines. The poster excludes conventional identification methods such as tap card and historical record reviews, visual observation, potholing, hydro excavation, and partial and full excavation. The focus is on eight emerging, or potential alternative, methods for identification that were found through literature reviews, market and vendor research, networking at conferences, collaborations with communities, and demonstrations at a test bed or in the field. Presented is the current state of science (as of August 2024) through our observed findings, limitations, and considerations of these emerging and evolving identification methods with the goal of increasing audience awareness of options and enabling more informed decisions for addressing unknown service line material.

Page Jordan | EPA Office of Research and Development
Page is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. Since joining the Agency in 2020, Page has contributed to a wide variety of water quality topics, including drinking water treatment efficacies for emerging contaminants, treatment optimization for small systems, stormwater management from green infrastructure placement and performance evaluation, and lead service line identification approaches cost and accuracy tool development. She also manages EPA’s Drinking Water Treatability Database. Prior to her federal position, Page was an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) participant with ORD and focused on Superfund site characterization and solid waste management, and she also and taught geology at Miami Middletown for two years. Page holds an M.En. in environmental science with a focus on water resource management and a B.A. in environmental science, geography, and sustainability and from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

Board 4: The Effect of Temperature on Lead Particle Properties and Solubility

This poster describes EPA research efforts studying the effects of temperature on lead particles as well as how temperature can impact these particles and solubility of lead

Alexander Paul | Oak Ridge Associated Universities (Contractor to EPA Office of Research and Development)
Alex is an ORAU Drinking Water Researcher working at the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development in Cincinnati, OH. His research focus is on lead particles and studying how different water chemistry and conditions affects particle size, properties, and filterability. In addition to his research projects, he assists in analyzing water samples, provides technical assistance for communities, and creates maps on ArcGIS for spatial analysis. He received his B.S. in environmental and ecological engineering with a minor in environmental policy from Purdue University in May 2021.

Board 5A: Status of Drinking Water Analytical Methods for Contaminants on the Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) and Other Contaminants of Emerging Concern

This poster outlines the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) regulatory process and presents the status of drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on the Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5), including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This poster also highlights the Federal Register Notice (FRN) that was published by the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584), that requested public comment on EPA drinking water methods in development available to CCL 5 contaminants and other contaminants of emerging concern, that might support monitoring under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule.

Lindsey Foote | EPA Office of Water
Lindsey has been a research participant with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) since December 2022. The Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Standards and Risk Management Division, Unregulated Contaminant Branch (UCMB) hosts ORISE research participants. UCMB develops and implements the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), which requires that once every five years the EPA issue a list of unregulated contaminants to be monitored by public water systems (PWSs). Lindsey performs research on rule development for the UCMR. Lindsey received her B.S. in biology from the University of Kentucky.

Board 5B: PFAS Permitting Requirements in Arizona

This poster will show how the tools that Arizona have already developed, and plan to develop, help their small systems.

Jasmina Markovski | Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Jasmina Markovski is a senior engineer with the Safe Drinking Water Section of the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. She has 12 years of experience in the industry and is specialized in adsorption and ion-exchange drinking water treatment technologies. She is author of 4 patents, 22 peer-reviewed publications, 4 book chapters and 30+ conference proceedings and presentations. Jasmina holds a Ph.D., an M.S., and a B.S. in environmental/polymer/chemical engineering and P.E. in chemical engineering in the state of Arizona.

Board 6A: Partnership Approach to Development and Usability Testing of Water Filter Educational Resources

Lead (Pb) exposure through drinking water is a health concern of critical importance. This risk can be reduced by effective use of household water filters, alongside ongoing efforts to remove lead from drinking water systems and plumbing. In this poster, we share a community and public institutional partnership approach to the development and usability testing of educational resources including a toolkit for organizations supporting water filter use.

K. Bley | EPA Office of Research and Development

Board 6B: How Many Small Systems are in Your Area?

This poster displays the number of active small drinking water systems in the United States per state, territory, Navajo Nation, and EPA Region as of Quarter 1 of Fiscal Year 2023. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, a water system is considered small if it serves 10,000 or fewer people.

Marie Schneider | Oak Ridge Associated Universities (Contractor to EPA Office of Research and Development)
Marie is an Oak Ridge Associated Universities National Student Services Contractor with EPA’s Office of Research and Development where she assists with communication coordination and outreach efforts for the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources National Research Program. Along with communications, her interests lie in sustainability and environmental hazards mitigation and prevention. Marie holds an M.S. in environment and resource management from Arizona State University and a B.S. in geological science from the University of Idaho. 

Board 7: Compliance Advisors for Sustainable Water Systems

EPA’s Compliance Advisors program provides hands-on, one-on-one technical assistance to operators of small drinking water systems. Advisors help systems return to compliance by providing training and technical assistance tools such as standard operating procedures, guidance, checklists, asset management tools and other products helpful to operators. Compliance advisors have helped more than 200 drinking water systems across the country so far. This poster will summarize the Compliance Advisor program, list tools developed, discuss several success stories, and present data showing its effectiveness.

Barbara VanTil | EPA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
Barbara VanTil has dedicated her career to promoting clean and safe water for the past 18 years. An EPA scientist, she currently serves as Senior Technical Advisor in OECA’s Office of Compliance,  Monitoring, Assistance and Media Programs Division, where she works on Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and Clean Water Act (CWA) policy and implementation. As a former inspector in EPA Region 5, Barbara gained an understanding of the unique challenges facing small systems and the communities they serve. Since joining OECA, Barbara has designed technical assistance programs for under-resourced and overburdened communities to help address their compliance challenges. Barbara has also been instrumental in developing and implementing OECA’s SDWA Community Water System National Compliance and Enforcement Initiative; providing inspector training to Regions and States; and supporting other key drinking water and surface water priorities. Barbara received her Master of Science degree from the University of Minnesota and a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture from Purdue University.

Session 10: Wrap-Up Plenary

Moderators:

Kevin Letterly | Association of State Drinking Water Administrators
Kevin is the Government Affairs Manager for ASDWA and has been with ASDWA for six years. Kevin manages ASDWA’s regulatory and legislative strategies, with some of his recent project areas including: the Water System Restructuring Assessment Rule, consumer confidence reports, microbial disinfection byproducts, and lead testing in schools. Kevin holds an M.S. in environmental science from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and a B.S. in environmental science from the University of Illinois-Champaign.

Regan Murray | EPA Office of Research and Development
Dr. Regan Murray is the director of the Water Infrastructure Division within the Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in EPA's Office of Research and Development. She is proud to lead this organization of more than 75 engineers, chemists, biologists, and physical scientists who collaborate every day to solve problems associated with our nation's drinking water, stormwater, wastewater, and water reuse infrastructure. She has held multiple EPA leadership roles including Branch Chief of the Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Branch, Acting Associate Division Director of the Water Systems Division, and Acting Science Associate for the National Homeland Security Research Center.  Her EPA research focuses on the development of models and tools for water infrastructure security, sustainability, and resilience.  Regan holds a Ph.D. in applied mathematics with a minor in hydrology and water resources.

Session 22: In-Depth Training and Tours

PFAS Training

PFAS Tour

  • David Wahman | EPA Office of Research and Development
    David is currently a Research Environmental Engineer in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development located in Cincinnati, Ohio.  He is a registered Professional Engineer with over 25 years of experience.  He received his B.S. in civil engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and an M.S.E. in environmental and water resources engineering and Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.  Following graduation, he conducted a Post-Doctoral fellowship at the USEPA before accepting a permanent position.  His research interests include disinfectant chemistry and distribution system water quality issues.
  • Tae Lee | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Dr. Tae Lee is a research engineer in the EPA’s Drinking Water and Treatment Branch of the Office of Research and Development. He earned his Ph.D. in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering from UCLA and his B.S. from the UC Berkeley College of Chemistry. Dr. Lee is also a certified Water Treatment Operator currently serving on the committee for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Water Treatment Technologies for the American Water Works Association. Since joining the EPA in 2020, his focus has been on addressing PFAS in water using advanced treatment technologies. 
  • Nicholas Dugan | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Nick is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division. He has over 25 years of experience conducting bench- and pilot-scale and field research in the removal of microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking water, including Cryptosporidium, cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial toxins, nitrate, perchlorate, and PFAS. Nick holds degrees in economics and civil and environmental engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in Ohio.
  • Samantha Smith | Oak Ridge Associated Universities (Contractor to EPA Office of Research and Development)
    Samantha J. Smith is currently a Physical Science Student Trainee at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has supported USEPA research in various roles since 2004 in laboratory and field studies covering diverse topics impacting water quality. She earned her M.S. in environmental science in 2015 and recently completed her Ph.D. in environmental science at the University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering and Applied Science. Her current research focuses on PFAS removal from drinking water matrices using anion exchange resins.
  • George Gates | Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (Contractor to EPA Office of Research and Development)
    George Gates is an ORISE fellow working on the treatment of PFAS compounds in nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate streams used in drinking water treatment.  George received his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Cincinnati and is currently pursuing a master’s degree in environmental engineering at UC where he began working with Dr. Tae Lee as a contractor to investigate the usage of foam fractionation to treat PFAS compounds as part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Legislation’s (BIL) research into the treatment of emerging contaminants for drinking water.  After joining the ORISE program he has been working on the treatment of PFAS contaminated influent and waste streams from drinking water plants using NF/RO membrane treatment as well as investigating the use of commercial absorbant materials in the presence of competing contaminants and complex water matrices.
  • Esther Hughes | Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (Contractor to EPA Office of Research and Development)
    Esther is an ORISE Participant in the Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Branch of the Water Infrastructure Division. She graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 2022 with a B.S. in environmental engineering and is currently pursuing a master’s in environmental engineering. She is researching removal of PFAS from drinking water via anion exchange resin and the impact of resin particle size. This research supports ongoing modeling efforts and future Rapid Small Scale Column Tests (RSSCTs) by the PFAS team.
  • Sophia Pedigo | Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (Contractor to EPA Office of Research and Development)
    Sophia is an ORISE Participant working on PFAS removal by ion exchange resin. Before starting as an ORISE Participant in 2022, Sophia worked on developing novel sorbents for the removal of harmful cyanobacteria under Dr. Dionysios Dionysiou at the University of Cincinnati. They graduated from University of Cincinnati in April 2024 with a Bachelor of Science in environmental engineering. 

PFAS Classroom Training

  • Thomas Speth | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Tom serves as senior science advisor for EPA's Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in the Office of Research and Development. He is a professional engineer who has worked in the field of water treatment research at EPA since 1986. At EPA, Tom has served as branch chief of EPA’s Treatment Technology Evaluation Branch from May 2005 to January 2009.  From January 2009 to March 2018, he served as division director of EPA’s Water Supply and Water Resources Division. During this time, from September 2015 to December 2016, he served in a detail with EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water’s Standards and Risk Management Division as a senior engineering advisor assigned to the Flint Enforcement Team. From March 2018 to April 2023, he served as the associate director for science for the Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response. Tom is a member of AWWA, ASCE, and ACS.  He has served as trustee for AWWA's Water Quality and Technology Division, an associate editor for ASCE's Journal of Environmental Engineering, a member of Journal AWWA’s Editorial Advisory Board, and as a trustee and chair of AWWA’s Water Science and Research Division. Tom has a Ph.D. in environmental engineering from the University of Cincinnati, an M.S. in civil/environmental engineering from Michigan Technological University, and a B.S. in chemical engineering from Michigan Technological University.
  • Jonathan Burkhardt | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Jonathan is an environmental engineer with EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Water Infrastructure Division and has over ten years of experience in research associated with drinking water quality and supply topics. He is currently leading research into modeling PFAS removal using granular activated carbon and ion exchange systems and modeling water quality in premise plumbing systems and water distribution systems. Jonathan holds a Ph.D., and M.S., and a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Cincinnati.
  • Levi Haupert | EPA Office of Research and Development
    Levi Haupert is a Physical Scientist in EPA Office of Research and Development's Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response. His current research interests include modeling ion exchange filter performance and studying transport of contaminants in polymers. Levi earned his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Purdue University where he studied nonlinear optical properties of crystals.
  • Ashley Greene | EPA Office of Water
    Ashley Greene has over 15 years of experience as a physical scientist. She currently works in EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) on the development and review of the nation’s drinking water rules and regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act, including the PFAS drinking water rule. During her time in the OGWDW, she also served as the Special Assistant coordinating the priorities of the office and working directly with senior EPA leadership on the nation’s drinking water protection efforts, as well as on the Creating Resilient Water Utilities program, providing resources and technical assistance to water utilities in adapting to climate change and building resilient water infrastructure. Prior to joining the EPA OGWDW, she worked in EPA’s Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds on several projects dealing with the assessment and control of pollution in marine and coastal waters. Previous to her EPA career, Ashley served as a Surface Warfare Officer in the United States Navy. Ashley received her M.S. in atmospheric and oceanic science from the University of Maryland and earned her B.S. in oceanography from the United States Naval Academy.
  • James Hogan | EPA Office of Water
    James has over 20 years of experience working on a variety of hydrology and water quality environmental issues from both the academic and public sectors. Presently he works with the Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water at USEPA focused on improving EPA oversight of state primacy agencies and working with regional staff to ensure effective implementation of the National Primacy Drinking Water Regulations, with a present focus on the PFAS Regulation. James has a Ph.D. in earth sciences from Dartmouth College.
  • Alex Lan | EPA Office of Water
    Alex Lan is a Physical Scientist and policy analyst in EPA’s Office of Water, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. He is actively working on drinking water issues related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and served as the rule manager in developing the final National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for PFAS under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Previously at EPA, he served as a project lead on EPA’s Net Zero Initiative, focusing on cross-media issues relating to community sustainability, human health and resiliency. He has worked with diverse groups of national and international stakeholders to promote and transfer sustainable practices to communities across the United States. Alex graduated from the George Washington University where he has received a Master of Public Health in environmental health science and policy. 
  • Alison Treglia | EPA Office of Water
    Alison is an environmental engineer with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Drinking Water Capacity & Compliance Assistance Division in the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water in Washington, DC. She is currently working on the implementation of the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. She holds dual degrees from the University of Delaware in environmental engineering (BEng) and music (BA). Prior to joining the EPA, Alison was a consultant at AECOM and ERM with a background in data analytics and visualization with a focus in environmental data management.

Lead Training

Lead Tour

  • Colin White | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Colin is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response where his work focuses on lead and copper corrosion and the implementation of lead service line identification efforts under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Prior to joining EPA, he served as the manager of the Emerging Contaminants Section at the Ohio EPA where he managed policy and implementation of unregulated contaminants (manganese, Legionella, PFAS), harmful algal blooms, and the Lead and Copper Rule. He also supervised the Public Water System Enforcement and Rule Unit at Ohio EPA. Colin began his career in drinking water with a research fellowship from EPA as an undergraduate, which continued though completion of a master's degree. Colin has authored dozens drinking water related scientific manuscripts and given numerous presentations and had led research projects on topics, including lead and copper corrosion, biological treatment for arsenic and ammonia, the characterization of bioterrorism agents in drinking water, and Legionella in premise plumbing.
  • Jennifer Tully | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Jennifer is a physical scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has spent the past eight years examining drinking water pipe corrosion scales and deposits and developing sampling plans to investigate the occurrence of lead in drinking water and the efficacy of certified lead reduction filters. Jennifer holds an M.S. in geology and a B.S. in geology with a minor in biology.
  • Simoni Triantafyllidou | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Simoni is an environmental engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her research and technical support efforts revolve around aquatic chemistry, drinking water quality/treatment, corrosion science, inorganic contaminants and sustainable drinking water infrastructure (premise plumbing/distribution systems). Simoni holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering from Virginia Tech.
  • Mike Desantis | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Mike DeSantis is a physical scientist in the Water Systems Division of EPA-ORD, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He has 19 years of experience on the characterization of corrosion solids and their effects on drinking water quality in lead, copper and iron drinking water piping. Mike has a Ph.D. in geology from the University of Cincinnati, an M.S. in geology from the University of Idaho, and a B.A. in biology with specialization in marine science from Boston University.
  • Christina Devine | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Christina is an engineer with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her research interests include drinking water quality/treatment, aquatic chemistry, corrosion science, sustainable drinking water infrastructure, and public health. At EPA, she is conducting research on lead in drinking water with a current focus on lead service line identification. She is the Chair of the American Water Works Association Premise Plumbing: Beyond the Meter Committee. Christina holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering and a B.S. in engineering science and mechanics from Virginia Tech.
  • Christy Muhlen | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Christy is a Physical Scientist with EPA's Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response in Cincinnati, Ohio. Since beginning work at EPA in 1999, her primary goal has been to research contaminants in drinking water. Her work has included research on distribution system water quality, filtration (emphasis on removal of particles, and microbial contaminants and pathogens from water), and biological water treatment. Christy holds a bachelor’s degree in environmental science from Northern Kentucky University and a A.S. in environmental engineering from the Cincinnati State College.
  • Michelle Latham | EPA Office of Research and Development
    ​​​Michelle is the director of the Water Technical Support Center in EPA’s Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, where she has worked since 2023 to provide a mechanism for a more coordinated and effective ORD technical support response to regional requests. Prior to her current position, her work at EPA focused on communications, outreach, and engagement in various lead roles for ORD’s national research programs and a previous water research division. She is the co-chair of the annual EPA drinking water workshop and monthly webinar series focused on small systems and is a member of EPA’s Response Support Corps. Michelle holds an M.Ed., a B.S. in biology, and a B.L.A. from Xavier University; an A.A.S. from Shoreline College; and a C.G. in advanced medical laboratory technology from the Naval School of Health Sciences.

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Last updated on September 17, 2024