Superfund Sites in Reuse in Alabama
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American Brass Inc.
The 148-acre American Brass Inc. (ABI) Superfund site is in the city of Headland in Henry County, Alabama. It consists of two parcels separated by a railroad track. The northern parcel includes the 24-acre area where ABI operated a secondary brass smelter and foundry from 1978 to 1992. The southern parcel included the waste pile where ABI disposed of ball mill residue. Operations resulted in soil, sediment and groundwater contamination. In 1996 and 1998, EPA led two removal actions, in which the ball mill residue waste was disposed off-site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1999. The site’s final cleanup was conducted in 2008-2009 and included the excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soil and sediment. An environmental covenant placed on the site property in 2019 restricts the use of groundwater. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. The northern part of the site is vacant. Farmers grow peanuts and other crops on the southern half of the site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Anniston PCB Site (Monsanto Co)
The Anniston PCB Site consists of a 70-acre chemical manufacturing facility and surrounding properties as well as downstream waterways and floodplains in Anniston, Alabama. Southern Manganese Corporation opened the facility in 1917. It produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 1929 to 1971. In 1935, Monsanto Company (Monsanto) purchased the business. In 1997, ownership of the facility transferred to Solutia, a separate company created by Monsanto. In 2012 the Solutia Anniston Plan was purchased and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Eastman, When Monsanto operated the facility, it disposed of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes in several areas, including landfills next to the facility. Surface water containing PCBs and other contaminants flowed into ditches and waterways downstream. EPA’s Superfund program became involved in the Site in 1999 and 2000. EPA did not add the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). It is an NPL-caliber site. EPA is addressing it through the Superfund Alternative Approach. EPA, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) and the site’s potentially responsible parties are working to address the contamination. Cleanup actions in operable unit 3, which includes the facility and adjacent landfills, included capping of parts of the facility area and the landfill, groundwater treatment and institutional controls. Remedy construction for OU3 finished in 2018. Solutia’s facility remains active on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Capitol City Plume
The Capitol City Plume site is in Montgomery, Alabama. It includes a large area of soil and groundwater contamination near the city of Montgomery’s public water supply well field. Primary contaminants include chemicals commonly used in dry cleaning, commercial printing and machine parts cleaning. EPA proposed adding the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2000. The city worked closely with EPA and the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) to assess groundwater contamination and develop a cleanup plan. Cleanup activities include removal of contaminated soil and groundwater monitoring. The city passed an ordinance in 2003 to prohibit groundwater use at the site. In 2010, the city planted 2 acres of poplar trees that take up contaminants from shallow groundwater and break them down. The city used EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) pilot funds to investigate reuse options and coordinate with EPA on the site’s future land use. Riverfront redevelopment, including the Riverfront Amphitheater and Conference Complex, has helped revitalize downtown Montgomery. Continued site uses include commercial, residential, recreational and industrial areas. In 2020, EPA withdrew the site’s NPL listing proposal. ADEM oversees ongoing cleanup and monitoring activities.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.
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Ciba-Geigy Corp. (McIntosh Plant)
The 1,500-acre Ciba-Geigy Corp. (McIntosh Plant) Superfund site is in an industrial area 2 miles northeast of McIntosh, Alabama. Starting in the early 1950s, the plant made several types of chemicals and products, including pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and plastics additives. Operators improperly disposed of waste in several unlined pits and open landfills. Prior to 1965, they also sent wastewater into the Tombigbee River. An EPA investigation in 1982 found that site activities had contaminated soil, sediment, sludge and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Initial cleanup actions began in 1985. Activities included the removal and treatment of contaminated surface water and groundwater. It also included the closure of surface impoundments and landfills. Ciba-Geigy Corporation stopped making agricultural chemicals in 1999 and shut down herbicide and insecticide production in 2003. EPA-led cleanup activities began in 1989. They included continued extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater, excavation of soils and sediment, treatment and disposal of contaminated sludge and soil, land and groundwater use restrictions, a below-ground barrier wall to divert groundwater contamination, and a sand cover of about 42 acres of a floodplain. In 2008, EPA updated its long-term cleanup plan to include a sand cover to act as a barrier between birds and contaminated areas, as excavation in those areas would harm sensitive habitat. EPA’s cleanup plan is compatible with continued industrial use of the site. In 2009, BASF Corporation acquired the site property. Today, it runs a chemical production facility on site. It also leases part of the property to a nearby plastics manufacturing business. In 2020, EPA completed an Optimization Study and identified that the Site has not attained groundwater cleanup standards, but it is unlikely that the plume will migrate beyond the site property boundary. The EPA and ADEM have instructed BASF Corporation to develop and implement source characterization plans for potential source areas. Further investigation will inform the next steps needed for cleanup.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 557 people and generated an estimated $1,010,300,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Interstate Lead Co. (ILCO)
The 11.5-acre Interstate Lead Co. (ILCO) Superfund site is in Leeds, Alabama, 15 miles east of Birmingham. From 1970 to 1992, ILCO ran a lead-battery recycling and lead smelting business at the property. Operators at the main facility disposed of processing wastes in piles around the property. In 1983 and 1984, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) led site inspections. In 1985, state and federal agencies sued ILCO for improperly disposing of waste on the property. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. The ILCO facility shut down in 1992. EPA then removed toxic waste from the site. Cleanup focused on contaminated soils and groundwater at the main facility, satellite locations and nearby waterways. ILCO’s cleanup activities at the site are ongoing, with EPA and ADEM supervision. The main facility is vacant and fenced. Land restrictions put in place limit future land and groundwater use. ILCO and the Interstate Trucking Company, an affiliated company, still own the main facility and one satellite location, a former parking lot across the street. The former ILCO parking lot has no structures and is now a wetland. Land at other satellite locations support many uses, including homes, a metal fabricator, a church and a gas station. The city of Leeds also operates a landfill on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 15 people and generated an estimated $7,356,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Olin Corp. (McIntosh Plant)
The 1,150-acre Olin Corp. (McIntosh Plant) Superfund site is near the Tombigbee River in McIntosh, Alabama. Olin Corporation runs a chemical manufacturing facility on site. It has been active since 1952. Until 1974, the facility disposed of wastewaters in the Tombigbee River. The facility also put waste in on-site landfills, ponds, plant areas and a drainage ditch. These activities resulted in groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup has included extraction of groundwater and treatment. Cleanup also upgraded one of the landfill caps as well as monitoring and maintenance of other landfill areas. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Land and groundwater use restrictions are in place and a fish consumption advisory is in effect for part of the Tombigbee River near the site. EPA issued another cleanup plan in 2014 to address remaining contamination in the Olin Basin and surrounding floodplains which seasonally flood due to proximity to the Tombigbee River; and a wastewater ditch leading to the Basin. A 2020 Optimization Study by EPA found the site has not attained groundwater cleanup standards, but it is unlikely that contaminants will migrate beyond the site property boundary. EPA has completed an assessment of groundwater contamination and determined that further cleanup action is needed. EPA and ADEM have instructed Olin Corporation to develop and implement source characterization plans for potential source areas. Further investigation will inform the next steps needed for cleanup. In 2022, EPA provided oversight of fieldwork done by Olin Corporation and BASF Corporation to design an engineered cap in the Olin Basin and evaluate other cleanup actions needed in the wastewater ditch and surrounding floodplains. Olin Corporation continues to operate its chemical manufacturing facility on site. A church and a natural gas storage facility are also on site. Recent fieldwork on site includes the construction of a new boat ramp to allow for large watercrafts and the ability to load materials onto barges for cleanup; and construction of a bridge to facilitate better access to the Basin, wastewater ditch and floodplain areas for cleanup.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 225 people and generated an estimated $432,468,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Perdido Ground Water Contamination
The 110-acre Perdido Ground Water Contamination Superfund site is near the intersection of highways 47 and 61 in Perdido, Alabama. In 1965, a train derailed, spilling benzene into the ditch along Highway 61. In 1981, the Alabama Department of Public Health documented reports of odors in residents’ drinking water wells. Sampling confirmed benzene contamination in groundwater. Seaboard System Railroad, now CSX Transportation, the site’s potentially responsible party (PRP), volunteered funds to extend a water line 6 miles from the town of Atmore to the site. The water line connected about 150 Perdido homes within a mile of the derailment to the public water system. The PRP completed the water line in 1983. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup activities included pumping and treating contaminated groundwater. Cleanup goals have been met and there are no restrictions on site uses. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2017. It remains in continued residential use. Public service facilities on site include a U.S. Postal Service office and a fire department. A business specializing in resale merchandise is also on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 6 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 14 people and generated an estimated $370,899 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Stauffer Chemical Co. (Cold Creek Plant)
The Stauffer Chemical Co. (Cold Creek Plant) Superfund site is in Bucks, Alabama. The Stauffer Chemical Co. (LeMoyne Plant) Superfund site is next to the site. The site includes the area where Stauffer Chemical Company (Stauffer) ran an agricultural chemical manufacturing facility starting in 1966. Its operations contaminated groundwater, sediment and soil. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. EPA, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) and Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., the site’s potentially responsible party (PRP), investigated conditions and took steps to clean up the site to protect people and the environment from contamination. Cleanup activities include groundwater extraction and treatment, soil excavation and treatment, and cap construction and maintenance. Groundwater and cap performance monitoring are ongoing. Contamination does not threaten people living and working near the site. A water line connects homes and businesses to the public water supply. In 2010, Syngenta demolished the chemical manufacturing facility. A rail line crosses the site. Ecological resources include several small ponds and a creek.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Stauffer Chemical Co. (Lemoyne Plant)
The 730-acre Stauffer Chemical Co. (LeMoyne Plant) Superfund site is in Axis, Alabama. The Stauffer Chemical Co. (Cold Creek Plant) Superfund site is next to the site. The Stauffer Chemical Company opened a chemical manufacturing facility on site in the 1950s. From 1965 to 1979, improper waste disposal on site contaminated soil, sediment, groundwater and fish in nearby Cold Creek Swamp. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Site investigations and cleanup activities address the contamination source, groundwater contamination, and contamination of surface water and sediment in Cold Creek Swamp. Cleanup included a groundwater treatment system and a cap over 17.5 acres of contaminated soil. Post-cap monitoring has revealed additional areas that require capping. Investigations are underway to address other areas of contamination that continue to pose environmental risks. EPA also continues to work with the owner, Nouryon, and the Alabama Department of Environmental Management to address persistent contamination in underlying groundwater from carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride. The Alabama Department of Public Health placed a fish advisory on Cold Creek Swamp. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. A chemical plant remains active on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 244 people and generated an estimated $207,906,494 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Triana/Tennessee River
The Triana/Tennessee River Superfund site is in Huntsville, Alabama. It consists of an 11-mile stretch of the Huntsville Spring Branch and Indian Creek (HSB-IC) tributaries of the Tennessee River. The Olin Corporation operated a DDT pesticide manufacturing plant on site from 1947 to 1970. Waste handling practices resulted in contamination of soil, sediment, surface water and fish. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Pursuant to the 1983 Consent Decree (CD), Olin Corporation, the site’s potentially responsible party (PRP), conducted remedial action in 1987. Actions taken included burying contaminated sediments, rerouting a stream channel, digging a new stream channel and putting in water diversion structures. Long-term fish monitoring then took place annually from 1988 to 2015. Wetlands border the site. Recreational fishing and boating take place on site. Parts of the 11-mile HSB-IC surface water pathway are located in the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge (the Refuge) and the Redstone Arsenal Superfund site. Created in 1938, the Refuge provides habitat for endangered species such as the gray bat, whooping crane, and other migrating birds. The Arsenal is home to the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command and other defense-related agencies. A final fish sampling event will be conducted in 2027.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. EPA did not have further economic details related to these businesses. For additional information click here.
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