Superfund Sites in Reuse in Georgia

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ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES

The 130-acre Armstrong World Industries Superfund site is in Macon, Georgia, adjacent and to the west of the Macon Naval Ordnance Plant Superfund site. Since 1948, Armstrong World Industries (AWI) has made ceiling tiles on the northern parcel. The northern portion of the Site includes the manufacturing area, the approximate 4-acre WWTP landfill and the approximate 3.8-acre Woodyard Landfill. AWI capped the Woodyard Landfill in 2004 with state oversight. The southern parcel includes a wastewater treatment plan (WWTP) the Armstrong Remote Landfill, which is next to the Former Macon Naval Ordnance Landfill, and numerous other sampling units, including sampling unit 7 (SU-7). . EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2011. To manage the cleanup, EPA initially divided the site into two parts, or operable units (OUs). OU1 used Superfund's removal authority to cap the WWTP Landfill. Construction finished in 2016. The WWTP Landfill cap includes a pollinator meadow that provides erosion control for the engineered cap’s soil cover. The Armstrong Macon Meadow hosts over 50 native plants that reflect the natural history of central Georgia. It provides habitat for bees, butterflies, birds and other species, while also providing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to mowing the cap each year. Collaboration among EPA Region 4, AWI and the nonprofit Pollinator Partnership made the meadow possible. AWI is the sole party responsible for OU1. OU2, much of which falls in designated wetlands and includes Rocky Creek, will address impacted soil at both landfills and SU-7. In 2018, EPA completed negotiations with several parties, including AWI, that will be responsible for the OU2 cleanup. In May 2024, EPA hosted a Proposed Plan Public Meeting that presented a preferred cleanup option for the landfills and SU-7 that includes restoring and repairing the existing soil cover and installing boundary fencing at the landfills and excavating PCB-impacted soils (>25 parts per million) at SU-7.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 453 people and generated an estimated $82,923,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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BRUNSWICK WOOD PRESERVING

The 84-acre Brunswick Wood Preserving Superfund site is in Brunswick, Georgia. From 1958 to 1991, a wood-treating facility was on-site. Operations included the three major types of wood treating: creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chromium/copper/arsenic (CCA). Facility operations contaminated groundwater, soil and sediment. In 1989, a major spill of PCP-contaminated diesel fuel hit Burnett Creek. In 1991, the state completed an investigation. Shortly after, the facility caught on fire and stopped operations. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1997. Cleanup includes digging, treatment and capping of contaminated soil and sediment, hardening of contaminated soil in place, groundwater treatment, and monitoring. Groundwater treatment and monitoring are ongoing. A marine repair and boat services business is active on-site. The area’s ecological resources include a creek and a swamp. In 2022, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) and EPA Region 4 did an assessment that evaluated the potential for commercial, industrial and recreational reuse at the site. In 2023, SRP and EPA Region 4 held in-person meetings and tours to promote community engagement to assist with an areawide reuse assessment for all Superfund sites in the Brunswick area.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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CAMILLA WOOD PRESERVING COMPANY

A view of the completed large, open, multi-use soccer fields on the site
Camilla Wood Preserving Company

The 41-acre Camilla Wood Preserving Company Superfund site is in Camilla, Georgia. Wood-treating facilities were on-site from 1947 to 1991. Their operations contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA led investigations and short-term cleanups in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) from 1991 to 2007. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1998. Cleanup included wastewater treatment and disposal, fencing, and removal of contaminated soil, equipment and debris. EPA selected the long-term remedy for the site in 2009. It included stabilizing soil, placing a barrier around the source area, treating contaminated groundwater, stormwater improvements and ongoing monitoring. Institutional controls limit land uses to recreational and nonresidential uses, prohibit groundwater use and prohibit activities that could impact the remedy. The city of Camilla (the City) used EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program pilot funding in 2002 for a reuse planning process led by a community-based committee. Today, the Mitchell County Recreation Complex offers several soccer fields and an RV park. Other site reuses include an aerobics classroom, office space for Mitchell County’s Parks and Recreation Department, a concession stand and parking. In 2012, EPA Region 4 recognized the City and Mitchell County with its Excellence in Site Reuse award. Potential future site uses include basketball courts, baseball fields, batting cages, a playground, picnic tables and a volleyball court.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 5 people. For additional information click here.

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CEDARTOWN INDUSTRIES, INC.

The Site is currently being leased to H&W Transfer Company for truck parking and maintenance
Cedartown Industries, Inc.

The 7-acre Cedartown Industries, Inc. Superfund site is in Cedartown, Georgia. Iron ore smelting operations began on-site in the 1870s. Production of plows and pumps began in the 1930s. From 1978 to 1980, secondary lead smelting took place on-site. In 1986, an inspection by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division found that site activities contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater with heavy metals. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Later that year, cleanup activities included the removal and disposal of slag, contaminated debris, soil, wastewater and sediment. In 1996 and 1997, the site’s potentially responsible parties did more cleanup. Activities included the excavation and on-site treatment of contaminated soil and long-term groundwater monitoring. Institutional controls restrict land and groundwater use. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 2006. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. A trucking operation is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 3 people and generated an estimated $622,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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CEDARTOWN MUNICIPAL LANDFILL

The 94-acre Cedartown Municipal Landfill Superfund site is in Cedartown, Georgia. A municipal landfill was on-site from about 1960 to 1979. It accepted municipal and industrial wastes. Waste disposal practices led to groundwater, surface water and solid waste contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup included landfill cover and seep inspections, groundwater monitoring and institutional controls. In 1996, the city of Cedartown annexed landfill-area properties and put institutional controls on them. A city ordinance restricts new wells. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 1999. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Polk County uses the site for maintenance operations, equipment storage and animal control. A paper product distributor and a packing supply business are also active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 3 people and generated an estimated $2,569,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO. (ALBANY PLANT)

The 329-acre Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Albany Plant) Superfund site is near Albany, Georgia. Firestone Tire and Rubber Company made tires on-site from 1968 to 1986. Its facility included a 1.84-million-square-foot building with a courtyard area for material handling and shipping. As part of shutting down its operations, the company led voluntary assessment and cleanup activities. Cooper Tire purchased the facility and made tires on-site until 2009. A 1988 site inspection found that site activities had contaminated groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities included the excavation of contaminated soil, extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater, groundwater monitoring, and well construction and water use restrictions. Soil cleanup finished in 1998. Groundwater recovery started while the facility was operating and remained part of the cleanup. A system modification study found that the groundwater recovery system could be turned off, allowing contaminants to decrease naturally over time. It can be reactivated if sampling detects increasing levels of contaminants. The potentially responsible parties conduct annual groundwater sampling and monitoring. In 2012, part of the plant was demolished. The remaining part of the plant remains in use as a tire distribution center. Forest and wetlands cover the southern part of the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 57 people and generated an estimated $7,552,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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GAO 144 - ZONOLITE ROAD

The 16-acre GAO 144 – Zonolite Road site is in Atlanta, Georgia. A vermiculite expansion plant was on-site from 1950 to 1970. As much as 1,225 tons of vermiculite concentrate from W.R. Grace’s vermiculite mine in Libby, Montana, came to the site. Cleanup included excavation and off-site disposal of vermiculite and asbestos-contaminated materials, including soil. Cleanup restored natural stormwater flow, resolving problems with extensive area flooding before cleanup. After grading and ecological restoration activities, volunteers planted trees and added trails to help the community enjoy the views of the South Fork of Peachtree Creek. Today, 13-acre Zonolite Park, now owned by DeKalb County, features 1.5 miles of walking trails, picnic tables and bird-watching resources. The park’s natural features include an old-growth forest, a native meadow and a wetland garden. Local wildlife includes deer, fish, frogs and birds such as songbirds, hawks and herons. Zonolite Park is also home to Nickel Creek Community Garden, which includes plots for community use, a rainwater irrigation system and a pollinator garden. EPA Region 4 presented the South Fork Conservancy with its Excellence in Site Reuse award for its work restoring the area’s natural ecology and transforming Zonolite Park into a recreation resource. An independent Zen Buddhist Meditation Center is also on-site, next to Zonolite Park.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 24 people and generated an estimated $348,290 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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HERCULES 009 LANDFILL

Basking logs in the pond on site
Hercules 009 Landfill

The 16.5-acre Hercules 009 Landfill Superfund site is in Brunswick, Georgia. From 1948 to 1980, Hercules, Inc. used 7 acres at the northern end of the site, known as the 009 Landfill, for waste disposal. In 1980, sampling by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (Georgia EPD) found contamination on-site. Georgia EPD then canceled Hercules’ permit to operate the landfill. In 1982, landfill operations ceased. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. In 1991 and 1993, EPA issued cleanup plans. Hercules, Inc., the site’s potentially responsible party (PRP), led cleanup with oversight from EPA and Georgia EPD. Cleanup included stabilizing on-site soil and sludge and putting in and maintaining a cap over the landfill. It also included monitoring groundwater, surface water and sediment in the on-site pond and the drainage ditch next to the site. Taking advantage of the location of the landfill cap, a car dealership north of the site worked with the PRP to return the area to use. The dealership fenced and paved the top of the capped landfill to create a parking lot to display its cars. This use helped protect the capped landfill. The PRP also worked with the Wildlife Habitat Council to obtain a Conservation Certification for the pond area on-site. The PRP put in wildlife cameras, basking logs and cover boards to attract insects and reptiles. The cameras have documented raccoons, foxes, squirrels and birds. A vacant property at the site is ready for reuse. In 2019, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) and EPA Region 4 began supporting a regional support project for the site and a second Superfund site in Brunswick. Project activities include working with local groups to discuss community goals and future use and long-term stewardship options for properties at both sites.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable to site use. For additional information click here.

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LCP CHEMICALS GEORGIA

LCP Chemicals Georgia
LCP Chemicals Georgia

The 813-acre LCP Chemicals Georgia Superfund site is in Brunswick, Georgia. It consists mainly of tidal marshes. Industrial plants were on-site from the early 1920s to 1994. Manufacturing activities, including an oil refinery, a paint manufacturing company, a power plant and a chlor-alkali plant, resulted in contamination at the site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996. In September 2015, EPA selected the final remedy for the tidal marsh. EPA worked with the U.S. Department of Justice on the Consent Decree for the marsh’s cleanup. The marsh cleanup fieldwork was completed in 2023. The field work in the marsh included dredging and excavation of contaminated sediments along the tidal drainage and placement thin layer covers in the salt marsh. A long-term monitoring plan is being implemented for monitoring the marsh and associated organisms. Cleanup of groundwater at the site is ongoing and included a removal action of a carbon dioxide sparging system to address the high pH in groundwater from the release of a caustic brine during chemical plan operations. Periodic groundwater monitoring will be initiated in 2024 to determine the impact to the full aquifer on site. A proposed plan for the groundwater source area is being completed to address mercury contamination in the subsurface. After working closely with EPA, Glynn County decided to use part of the site property for a county detention center. Honeywell Corporation, the site owner, and Glynn County finalized a $475,000 agreement for use of a 35-acre tract for a 612-bed jailhouse. The $27.4 million facility opened in September 2014. It also includes administrative office space for Glynn County Sheriff's Office. Honeywell Corporation has also submitted and had approved a risk assessment for reusing the site as a training golf course for youth as a possible redevelopment opportunity. EPA, Georgia EPD, and Honeywell Corporation also implemented an environmental covenant under Georgia statute which restricts the site from residential use.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 150 people. For additional information click here.

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LUMINOUS PROCESSES, INC.

The 1-acre Luminous Processes, Inc. Superfund site is in Athens, Georgia. For more than 35 years, Luminous Processes, Inc. used radioactive isotopes to make glow-in-the-dark watch and clock dials on-site. The company abandoned the property in 1980, leaving behind a contaminated building and radioactive soil. In 1981, EPA proposed listing the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) and provided funds to the state of Georgia for the cleanup. State contractors dug up 18,000 cubic feet of contaminated soil, shipped away more than 2,400 drums and disposed of nearly 500 millicuries of radium-226. Excavated areas were backfilled with clean fill and seeded with grass. The cleanup lasted five weeks and was complete in December 1982. EPA never had to finalize the site’s listing on the NPL. A restaurant is open on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 30 people and generated an estimated $1,972,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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MACON NAVAL ORDNANCE PLANT

The 433-acre Macon Naval Ordnance Plant Superfund site is in Macon, Georgia. The site is adjacent to the east of the Armstrong World Industries Superfund site. From 1941 to 1965, the U.S. Navy and its contractors made ordnance and conducted metal plating on-site. From 1965 to 1981, companies continued these operations and manufactured seat-belts. Improper handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances resulted in sitewide contamination. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was found in soil and groundwater across various areas of the site and within indoor air at two businesses on-site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2013. Air contamination at both locations was reduced by increasing air circulation and installing air filters in 2015. In 2018, EPA completed negotiations with several potentially responsible parties for site investigations and cleanup planning. These efforts are ongoing. Macon-Bibb County Industrial Authority has operated Allied Industrial Park on the site since 1980. Commercial and industrial businesses are on-site and include a tree removal service, automotive repair shop, metal manufacturer and several merchant wholesalers.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 14 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 183 people and generated an estimated $87,673,660 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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MARZONE INC./CHEVRON CHEMICAL CO.

The Marzone Inc./Chevron Chemical Co. Superfund site is in Tifton, Georgia. A pesticide and herbicide formulation plant was on-site from 1950 to 1970. Several other companies owned and ran the plant from 1970 to 1983. From the late 1960s to 1992, companies operated a formulation and packaging plant for pesticides and fertilizers on another part of the site. Operations at both plants contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities, led by EPA and the site’s potentially responsible parties, included the removal of contaminated soil and sediment, groundwater treatment, groundwater use restrictions, and monitoring of the natural breakdown of contaminants. They also included the decontamination of buildings and equipment. Groundwater cleanup is ongoing. The property owner leased out part of the site after soil cleanup. Current site uses include warehousing and scrap metal recycling.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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MONSANTO CORP. (AUGUSTA PLANT)

The 75-acre Monsanto Corp. (Augusta Plant) Superfund site is in an industrial park in Augusta, Georgia. Chemical plant operations involving the production of phosphoric acid began at the site in 1962. Monsanto Corporation (Monsanto) dumped wastes and sludge in two small landfills on-site. Improper waste disposal practices led to groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Under the direction of EPA and the state of Georgia, Monsanto removed the contents of both landfills and took the waste off-site for disposal at a licensed facility. Groundwater treatment followed. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. In 1998, EPA deferred the site to the state’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act program and took the site off the NPL. In 1999, Prayon Inc. purchased the site property and continued phosphoric acid production. Cleanup activities enabled the facility to remain open, retaining jobs and income in the community.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 80 people and generated an estimated $58,348,148 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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PEACH ORCHARD RD PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME SITE

Peach Orchard Rd PCE Groundwater Plume Site
Peach Orchard Road PCE Groundwater Plume Site

The 350-acre Peach Orchard Rd PCE Groundwater Plume Superfund site is in Augusta, Georgia. Area land uses include small shopping centers, dry cleaners, gas stations, auto salvage yards and automotive repair shops. EPA found that four of nine area dry cleaners contributed to contamination in groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2005. Cleanup activities include groundwater treatment and soil removal and treatment. EPA made sure that commercial and residential uses at the site could continue during cleanup. EPA has cleaned up area soils. Groundwater cleanup is ongoing. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. A food market and parking lot for a pharmacy and a former tax business are on-site. In April 2024, EPA installed a Vapor Intrusion (VI) Mitigation System at the former K&D Cleaners facility. The former cleaner is currently undergoing renovations to become a restaurant in the future. EPA will conduct additional VI sampling prior to the restaurant being opened.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.

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T.H. AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION CO. (ALBANY PLANT)

The 12-acre T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition Company (Albany Plant) Superfund site is in Albany, Georgia. Two pesticide formulation facilities were on-site from the 1950s to the 1980s. Improper waste management contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities included pumping and treating groundwater, treating contaminated soil, monitoring air quality and groundwater and placing restrictions on land and groundwater use. The groundwater pump and treat system was unsuccessful in bringing the groundwater to cleanup levels and EPA selected a new remedy in August 2023. It includes installing air sparge and vapor extraction wells and in-place remediation of residual pesticides in the groundwater. A welding supply business and a construction company’s offices and warehouses are on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 26 people and generated an estimated $9,015,091 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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WESTSIDE LEAD

The Westside Lead Superfund site is a 637-acre residential area in Atlanta in Fulton County, Georgia. Since the 1800s, industries have used areas north and east of the site. Those industries, including ammunition manufacturers and foundries, generated slag and metal-containing wastes. This slag may have been used as fill at the site. In 2012 and 2018, sampling found elevated lead levels in soil samples in Atlanta’s Westside neighborhood. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2022. Cleanup activities include excavation and disposal of contaminated soil and backfilling of excavated properties with clean soil. Continued uses at the site include commercial, residential, recreational and public service areas. Recreational uses include parks and several community gardens. A connector trail to the Atlanta Beltline is east of the site. There are several schools and small businesses on-site. In 2022, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) provided regional support project funding at the site. SRP prepared a fact sheet that covers the status of site properties and the sampling and cleanup process. It serves as a resource for property owners, community organizations and prospective purchasers. In 2023, the site was added to list of the sites selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. The funds will be used to excavate and dispose of lead-contaminated soil at residential properties. EPA is already working to sample and clean up contaminated yards in Westside; however, the new BIL funding will allow EPA to clean up more properties per year.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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WOOLFOLK CHEMICAL WORKS, INC.

The 31-acre Woolfolk Chemical Works, Inc. Superfund site is in Fort Valley, Georgia. For more than 60 years, Woolfolk Chemical Works made a variety of agricultural pesticides on-site. Chemicals used at the plant seeped into the ground and polluted soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. EPA and a potentially responsible party conducted cleanup for soil, groundwater and nearby residential areas. Cleanup included removal of contaminated soil, construction of a cap and installation of a groundwater treatment system. As part of a redevelopment project, the Troutman House, an antebellum farmhouse on-site, was refurbished and is now a welcome center and office space for the Fort Valley Chamber of Commerce. Another former home nearby is an adult education center for Fort Valley residents. EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program and EPA Region 4 provided support for a reuse plan at the site in 2002 and more reuse planning activities in 2008. A Prospective Purchaser Agreement with EPA enabled Fort Valley to build a library and literacy center on-site. In recognition of the local government’s proactive engagement and support of reuse, EPA presented the city of Fort Valley with Region 4’s Excellence in Site Reuse award in 2009. Two years later, public health staff from Peach County and Houston County received EPA’s Notable Achievement award for community engagement in the site’s surrounding area. It recognized their sustained and thorough understanding of environmental justice concerns and assistance in providing opportunities for the Fort Valley community to play a meaningful role in environmental decision-making. EPA continues to work with the community to consider local reuse priorities in decision-making for the remaining cleanup. Ongoing investigations of soil, sediment and groundwater on- and off-site intend to define the extent of the contamination. Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks and a rail station are on the northwest part of the site. On occasion, buses and RVs park on a paved area of the site, especially during seasonal festivals/fairs that take place on-Site. Fort Valley Festival Park opened on-site in 2012 and is a major tourism draw for the area. The Fort Valley Public Works Department also built a community playground on-site in 2013.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 6 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 24 people and generated an estimated $5,969,034 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Last updated on October 8, 2024